Core AI

Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

51,462
lessons
Skills in this topic
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LLM Foundations
beginner
Explain how transformers generate text
Prompt Craft
beginner
Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts
LLM Engineering
intermediate
Call LLM APIs with function/tool use
Fine-tuning LLMs
advanced
Prepare fine-tuning datasets
Multimodal LLMs
advanced
Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding
All Reads (29,973) Articles (12747)Blog Posts (5667)Tutorials (2445)Research Papers (8239)News (875)
What Is BERT? Understanding Encoder-Only Models — Part 24
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
What Is BERT? Understanding Encoder-Only Models — Part 24
After learning how GPT is built on Transformer Decoders, I had another question: if GPT powers ChatGPT, then why do AI engineers still… Continue reading on Medi
AWS Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Building bilingual NER for cargo logistics with Amazon Bedrock
In this post, we share the technical approach using token-based distillation, lessons learned, and deployment architecture. If you face similar bilingual NER ch
Part 2: Pre-training RoBERTa from Scratch with Curriculum Learning and Bias-Aware Loss
Medium · Data Science 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Part 2: Pre-training RoBERTa from Scratch with Curriculum Learning and Bias-Aware Loss
Training a model to learn equitable representations across demographic groups while maintaining its strong language modeling ability. Continue reading on Suppor
Part 2: Pre-training RoBERTa from Scratch with Curriculum Learning and Bias-Aware Loss
Medium · NLP 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Part 2: Pre-training RoBERTa from Scratch with Curriculum Learning and Bias-Aware Loss
Training a model to learn equitable representations across demographic groups while maintaining its strong language modeling ability. Continue reading on Suppor
AWS Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Fine-tune Amazon Nova models for accurate email data extraction
In this post, you'll learn how fine-tuning Amazon Nova models using Amazon SageMaker AI addresses these specific issues by teaching the models to recognize your
Pourquoi fait-on confiance à un moteur de recherche et moins à un LLM ?
Medium · UX Design 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Pourquoi fait-on confiance à un moteur de recherche et moins à un LLM ?
On tape une question dans Google. On parcourt les résultats, on clique sur l’un d’eux, on lit et on décide soi-même si on y croit. Le… Continue reading on L’IA
Building an Local AI README Generator using Ollama, LangChain, ChromaDB, RAG and MCP
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Building an Local AI README Generator using Ollama, LangChain, ChromaDB, RAG and MCP
Like many developers, I often found myself postponing one of the most important parts of a project — writing the README. After spending… Continue reading on Med
Retrieval Augmented Generation
Medium · NLP 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Retrieval Augmented Generation
আপনারা যারা Large Language Models নিয়ে একটু ঘাটাঘাটি করছেন, তারা নিশ্চয়ই খেয়াল করছেন এরা মাঝে মাঝে কী লেভেলের ভাব নেয়! ফ্লুয়েন্টলি… Continue reading on Medium »
Building HybridRAG: What I Learned About Retrieval, Reranking, and Grounding LLM Answers
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Building HybridRAG: What I Learned About Retrieval, Reranking, and Grounding LLM Answers
A walkthrough of building a hybrid-search RAG system as a learning project- and what surprised me along the way. Continue reading on Medium »
I Thought RAG Would Be Easy. Then Came the BAG of Mistakes.
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I Thought RAG Would Be Easy. Then Came the BAG of Mistakes.
A few YouTube videos, architecture diagrams, and blog posts convinced me that building a RAG system would be straightforward. Continue reading on Medium »
Meituan unveils LongCat-2.0, China’s first trillion‑parameter AI model built on domestic chips
Reddit r/singularity 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Meituan unveils LongCat-2.0, China’s first trillion‑parameter AI model built on domestic chips
<img src="https://external-preview.redd.it/SL0PXgxIsYqtt0Qru9XM2QYY-dmAg8RLgBzArhM0Na0.jpeg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=405335077e4dd4f20770ea4
I built an autonomous dev pipeline and ran the same project head to head: a 27B local on a modded 4090, then again on cheap cloud LLMs
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I built an autonomous dev pipeline and ran the same project head to head: a 27B local on a modded 4090, then again on cheap cloud LLMs
<img src="https://preview.redd.it/1dagxa38mfah1.gif?frame=1&width=140&height=140&crop=1:1,smart&auto=webp&s=7d9ea704dbc0f95b9e6aa063fd5e94fc
When Python Isn’t Fast Enough: Building a Token-Aware RAG Chunker in Rust
Medium · Python 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
When Python Isn’t Fast Enough: Building a Token-Aware RAG Chunker in Rust
How naive character-count splitting silently corrupts your embeddings, why Python hits a parallelism ceiling, and how a Rust extension… Continue reading on Towa
PageStorm: A Model Built for Creative Book Writing
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
PageStorm: A Model Built for Creative Book Writing
Over a year ago, we set out to build a single-turn full-book
AEGIS: A PII Firewall Built for Arabic Text (Because Most NLP Tools Aren’t)
Medium · NLP 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
AEGIS: A PII Firewall Built for Arabic Text (Because Most NLP Tools Aren’t)
Arabic NLP is a different beast from English NLP, and most off-the-shelf PII tools quietly assume you’re working in English. Right-to-left… Continue reading on
Building Local AI Systems: Qwen3.6 + MCPs
KDnuggets 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Building Local AI Systems: Qwen3.6 + MCPs
Define a tool once as an MCP server and any MCP-compatible client, any model, any framework, can discover and call it with zero custom integration code per mode
InfoQ AI/ML 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Elastic Open-Sources Atlas Agent Memory Based on Cognitive Science
Elastic open-sourced Atlas, a system built on Elasticsearch that maintains three categories of memory for agents. Atlas integrates with agents via MCP and maint
HydraHead: From Head-Level Functional Heterogeneity to Specialized Attention Hybridization (from the Qwen team)
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
HydraHead: From Head-Level Functional Heterogeneity to Specialized Attention Hybridization (from the Qwen team)
<img src="https://external-preview.redd.it/q3evP6JeDpAC2MdSQHWYxnCYTqbJkElIQsLFqVSdkss.png?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=de730fbf7ecace6df0036b21
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Qwen 3.6 27B Speculative Decoding Bench: Pushing ~100 TPS on a single RTX 3090
First of all, a huge thank you to the r/LocalLLaMA community and the 3090 club. This benchmark started from your shared recipes... These are my findings on my h
How to evaluate your LLM Model ?
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
How to evaluate your LLM Model ?
Over the past few weeks, I shifted my focus from simply building AI applications to understanding how to build AI systems that can… Continue reading on Medium »
Hugging Face for Application Developers: A Mental Model and a Practical Guide
Medium · Python 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Hugging Face for Application Developers: A Mental Model and a Practical Guide
A practical guide to understanding Hugging Face as a platform. Learn the mental model and how it changes how you build AI-enabled software… Continue reading on
NEW on Hugging Face: Filter by hardware compatibility
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
NEW on Hugging Face: Filter by hardware compatibility
submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/paf1138
The Data That Built the Brain: What Actually Went Into Training GPT-4 (and What Was Left Out)
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
The Data That Built the Brain: What Actually Went Into Training GPT-4 (and What Was Left Out)
You ask an AI a question. It answers. It sounds smart. It sounds like it has read everything. It has. Not everything, but close. The model… Continue reading on
How to Reduce LLM Costs by 70%: A Practical Architect’s Guide to Scalable AI Systems
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
How to Reduce LLM Costs by 70%: A Practical Architect’s Guide to Scalable AI Systems
Generative AI is exciting — but it gets expensive very quickly. Continue reading on Medium »
Meet Sol, Terra, and Luna: OpenAI’s New AI Family
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Meet Sol, Terra, and Luna: OpenAI’s New AI Family
Why this launch needed White House sign-off, and whether it actually beats Claude and Gemini Continue reading on Medium »
LLM UX driving context space evolution over the time
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
LLM UX driving context space evolution over the time
Here when I mean context, means simply the stuff we give to an AI agent as context to our prompt which gets feed to LLM eventually. I’ll… Continue reading on Me
Quanto do potencial da sua IA você está deixando na mesa sem saber?
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Quanto do potencial da sua IA você está deixando na mesa sem saber?
Você usa IA mas sente que ela não é tão produtiva para você quanto é para outras pessoas? Isso acontece porque você não usa uma ferramenta… Continue reading on
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Bartowski has delivered DS4 GGUF
Looking forward to compare with Antirez's DS4 imamtrix https://huggingface.co/bartowski/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-GGUF submitted by /u/challis88ocarina [link] <a href="
Progress for Machines, Obedience for People
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Progress for Machines, Obedience for People
We are told that every new technology means progress. Continue reading on Medium »
Amazon Nova: AWS’s Bid to Turn Enterprise AI Into Cloud Infrastructure
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Amazon Nova: AWS’s Bid to Turn Enterprise AI Into Cloud Infrastructure
A deep dive into the Nova model family, Nova Forge, Nova Act, and why Amazon is positioning AI less as a chatbot and more as a full-stack… Continue reading on M
LangChain Was Powerful — But PydanticAI Was the Missing Layer
Medium · Python 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
LangChain Was Powerful — But PydanticAI Was the Missing Layer
Explore a practical, case-based comparison of LangChain and Pydantic AI that shows not just how they differ, but why many production AI… Continue reading on Med
From Static PDFs to Intelligent Conversations: Building a Multi-Document RAG Assistant with…
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
From Static PDFs to Intelligent Conversations: Building a Multi-Document RAG Assistant with…
How I built an AI application that transforms static PDF documents into an interactive knowledge assistant using Retrieval-Augmented… Continue reading on Medium
I Built a Complete LLM From Scratch in Pure Rust — Pretraining, GRPO, Flash Attention, and…
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I Built a Complete LLM From Scratch in Pure Rust — Pretraining, GRPO, Flash Attention, and…
Three months ago, I ran my first inference and got this: Continue reading on Medium »
I Built a Complete LLM From Scratch in Pure Rust — Pretraining, GRPO, Flash Attention, and…
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I Built a Complete LLM From Scratch in Pure Rust — Pretraining, GRPO, Flash Attention, and…
Three months ago, I ran my first inference and got this: Continue reading on Medium »
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Simple Explanation
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Simple Explanation
So, you might be a company owner or a developer who want to build their AI product that uses its NLP(natural language processing)… Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I Took “Prompt Engineering” Off My Resume Last Month. Here’s Why.
A friend on my team got rejected last month for a role she was massively overqualified for on paper. Three years of LLM work, a solid… Continue reading on Mediu
I Tested 5,000+ ChatGPT Prompts — Here Are the Ones That Actually Save Hours Every Week
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I Tested 5,000+ ChatGPT Prompts — Here Are the Ones That Actually Save Hours Every Week
When I first started using ChatGPT, I assumed the AI itself was the key to getting incredible results. I quickly discovered that wasn’t… Continue reading on Med
Norm-preserving abliteration on Qwen3.6-35B-A3B: 0% refusal, benchmarks intact, open source dataset
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Norm-preserving abliteration on Qwen3.6-35B-A3B: 0% refusal, benchmarks intact, open source dataset
<img src="https://external-preview.redd.it/YzcwZ21zazM3ZWFoMWloBJAvUZPDecFCilr15OaO21n-TWxA4_5L_s1MiKXa.png?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=43d862a
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
ascend-tribe/openPangu-2.0-Flash (They haven't uploaded it to Huggingface yet)
https://ai.gitcode.com/ascend-tribe/openPangu-2.0-Flash openPangu-2.0-Flash is an MoE model trained on Ascend. The model has 92B total parameters and 6B activat
OpenAI News 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
How ChatGPT adoption has expanded
New OpenAI Signals data shows how ChatGPT adoption is growing globally, with users increasing usage, exploring more capabilities, and driving growth across regi
Stop Starting with Ollama. Build llama.cpp First, If You Really Want to Learn Local LLMs
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Stop Starting with Ollama. Build llama.cpp First, If You Really Want to Learn Local LLMs
If you’re serious about running AI models on your own computer, skip the shortcuts for a day. Learn the foundation first. Continue reading on Coding Nexus »
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Why the Same Prompt Gives Different Answers Across LLMs
Last week I ran a tiny experiment. I opened GPT and Claude side by side and typed the exact same thing into both: “Write me a tagline for… Continue reading on M
I Wish Someone Had Shared These Five Secret Codes Much Earlier
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I Wish Someone Had Shared These Five Secret Codes Much Earlier
These simple prompt shortcuts helped me write clearer articles with far less effort. Continue reading on Medium »
Please tell me I’m not the only one.
Reddit r/ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Please tell me I’m not the only one.
submitted by /u/NickoGermish <a href="https://i.redd.it/nxivyshytdah
Reddit r/LocalLLaMA 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Microsoft has taken down fastcontext model from everywhere
I tried to find any reports or news as I was about to do additional testing and noticed the HF page is empty and github page is also removed. https://huggingfac
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
How We Built a GraphRAG & Counterfactual Simulation Engine to Optimize a 2.4MWp Solar Fleet
Imagine operating a massive 2.4MWp solar power plant. Every day, millions of photovoltaic cells quietly convert sunlight into clean… Continue reading on Medium
Medium · Data Science 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
How We Built a GraphRAG & Counterfactual Simulation Engine to Optimize a 2.4MWp Solar Fleet
Imagine operating a massive 2.4MWp solar power plant. Every day, millions of photovoltaic cells quietly convert sunlight into clean… Continue reading on Medium
The Next AI Race Isn't About Better LLMs. It's About Better AI Systems.
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
The Next AI Race Isn't About Better LLMs. It's About Better AI Systems.
Why Sakana AI believes the future isn't one smarter model—but many models working together. Continue reading on Medium »