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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SAKE: Software Architectural Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.29520v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as assistants across the software development lifecycle, ye

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

MotionAtlas: Detailed Region Captioning for Motion-Centric Videos

arXiv:2606.29531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose MotionAtlas, a system for detailed captioning of motion-centric videos, comprising (1) a dedicated

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SemJoin: Semantic Join Optimization

arXiv:2606.29532v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Integrating unstructured data into relational database systems is increasingly important as demand grows for n

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Em-ergence of the em-dash: a population-level rise in em-dash frequency in medRxiv preprints at the dawn of the large-language-model era

arXiv:2606.29540v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can leave subtle stylistic traces in assisted text; one of the most cited is the

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Coverage-Driven KV Cache Eviction for Efficient and Improved Inference of LLM

arXiv:2606.29563v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks like question answering and summarization, thanks to their

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

ScAle: Attention Head Scaling as a Minimal Adapter for Spatial Reasoning in Vision Language Models

arXiv:2606.29579v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial reasoning remains a persistent challenge for many vision language models (VLMs), and improving it typi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

The Joint Effect of Quantization and Sampling Temperature on LLM Safety Alignment: A Factorial Analysis

arXiv:2606.29581v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern LLM deployments routinely compress models and raise sampling temperature to reduce cost, latency, or re

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Bilevel Optimization for Neural Architecture Search

arXiv:2606.29582v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Bilevel optimization has become an influential and widely adopted framework for addressing hierarchical optimi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SonoCLIP: Mask-Guided Region-Aware Vision-Language Pretraining for Fetal Ultrasound Analysis

arXiv:2606.29586v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language foundation models have shown strong potential in medical image analysis. Although foundation m

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Mechanistically Eliciting Latent Behaviors in Language Models

arXiv:2606.29604v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We aim to discover diverse, generalizable perturbations of LLM internals that can surface hidden behavioral mo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Does Role Specialization Matter for Explanation Faithfulness in Mixture-of-Experts?

arXiv:2606.29613v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have recently been extended with role-based mechanisms for interpretabi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Do We Still Need Fine Tuning? Turkish Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Model

arXiv:2606.29614v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study examines whether supervised fine-tuning remains necessary for Turkish sentiment analysis in the era

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Two-Stage Prompt Optimization for Few-Shot Relation Extraction: From Reasoning-Guided Search to Gradient-Guided Refinement

arXiv:2606.29639v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic prompt optimization is still underexplored for episodic few-shot relation extraction with smaller la

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Fast Wireless Foundation Models with Early-Exits

arXiv:2606.29640v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While wireless foundation models (FMs) are demonstrating strong potential to enable AI-Native 6G networks, the

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Fuzzing Large Language Models to Elicit Hidden Behaviours

arXiv:2606.29646v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sleeper agents are the canonical model organism of deception: models trained to behave normally but to emit an

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Hybrid Retriever Evolution for Multimodal Document Reasoning Agents

arXiv:2606.29648v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Different retrievers, including lexical, semantic, and multimodal approaches, provide highly complementary str

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

A Machine-Verified Proof of a Quantum-Optimization Conjecture

arXiv:2606.29687v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We report a machine-verified resolution of a problem open for over a decade in quantum optimization: the Farhi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Early Warning Signals for OpenVLA Failure under Visual Distribution Shift

arXiv:2606.29699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision Language Action models combine perception, language grounding, and control in a single policy, but thei

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

ARMOR: Adaptive Retriever Optimization for Low-Resource Telecom Question Answering

arXiv:2606.29706v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Telecom question answering (QA) is a challenging setting for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG): evidence is

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SEVA: Self-Evolving Verification Agent with Process Reward for Fact Attribution

arXiv:2606.29713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hallucination is the reliability bottleneck for LLM-based agents, and fact attribution verifiers are the last

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Optimizing Expert-Designed Crystal Graph Networks for Band-Gap Prediction with an Autonomous LLM Research Loop

arXiv:2606.29717v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting a material's properties from its structure is a central, fast-advancing problem in computational ma

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Diagnosing and Mitigating Context Rot in Long-horizon Search

arXiv:2606.29718v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Extensive context has become the norm as Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in long-horizo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

PS-PPO: Prefix-Sampling PPO for Critic-Free RLHF

arXiv:2606.29758v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) for Large Language Models increasingly relies on critic-free

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Towards Generalizable and Evidential Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Molecular Structure Elucidation via Large Language Model Agent

arXiv:2606.29776v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the gold standard for molecular structure elucidation, yet in

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Mandol: An Agglomerative Agent Memory System for Long-Term Conversations

arXiv:2606.29778v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-term conversational agents need to remember and query cross-session, multi-typed information with complex

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

HERO: Improving the Reliability and Sensitivity of Generative Model Evaluation Using Historical Data

arXiv:2606.29784v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable generative AI models critically rely on expert human annotations to evaluate output quality, yet thes

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Making Multimodal LLMs Reliable Chart Data Extractors: A Benchmark and Training Framework

arXiv:2606.29808v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chart data extraction, which reverse-engineers data tables from chart images, is essential for reproducibility

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

How Far Can You Get Without a GPU? A Systematic Benchmark of Lightweight Hallucination Detection Across Question Answering, Dialogue, and Summarisation

arXiv:2606.29809v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hallucination detection has become a pressing requirement for trustworthy AI deployment at scale. The most acc

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Dual-Flow Reinforcement Learning with State-Aware Exploration

arXiv:2606.29820v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In complex continuous-control reinforcement learning tasks, multimodal optimal actions often coincide with unc

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Neural Procedural Memory: Empowering LLM Agents with Implicit Activation Steering

arXiv:2606.29824v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel as static solvers, transforming them into autonomous agents remains c

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

MATCH: Modulating Attention via In-Context Retrieval for Long-Context Transformers

arXiv:2606.29844v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The quadratic computational cost of traditional attention mechanisms poses a major bottleneck to the scalabili

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Exploring Motivations for Algorithm Mention in the Domain of Natural Language Processing: A Deep Learning Approach

arXiv:2606.29859v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rise of data-intensive science, algorithms have become central to scientific research. In academic pa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

ARKD: Adaptive Reinforcement Learning-Guided Bidirectional KL Divergence Distillation for Text Generation

arXiv:2606.29869v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key technique for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs), yet methods relyi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Clinical Reasoning Graphs: Structured Evaluation of LLM Diagnostic Reasoning Reveals Competence Without Consistency

arXiv:2606.29876v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern large language models (LLMs) reach 60-70% diagnostic accuracy on complex clinical case benchmarks, but

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Child-Centric Voice Anonymization in Single and Multi-Speaker Speech via Domain-Adapted SSL Models

arXiv:2606.29897v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Voice anonymization aims to protect speaker identity while preserving linguistic content and speech usability.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

LLM-based Multimodal Personality Recognition via Facial Action Unit-Text Semantic Fusion

arXiv:2606.29900v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personality recognition in asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) has become increasingly important due to their

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

EVAF: A Test-Retest Protocol for Selective Parametric Consolidation

arXiv:2606.29916v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-running language agents need mechanisms for deciding which experiences should persist after the working c

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Latent-CURE for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

arXiv:2606.29928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Models have significantly advanced automated breast ultrasound diagnosis. However, most exist

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

DuoMem: Towards Capable On-Device Memory Agents via Dual-Space Distillation

arXiv:2606.29961v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents can solve complex procedural tasks by interacting with environments ov

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

RiverONE: Generating Knowledge-Intensive VLM by Simulated Quantum Machines

arXiv:2606.29966v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum computing provides a powerful paradigm for representing and transforming high-dimensional information

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Stabilizing Extrapolation in Looped Transformers via Learned Stochastic Stopping

arXiv:2606.29983v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Looped Transformers, which repeatedly apply a shared transformer block, are an architecturally natural fit for

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

T3R: Deeper Test-Time Adaptation for Graph Neural Networks via Gradient Rotation

arXiv:2606.30011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) deployed in real-world systems typically have fixed weights, often leading to deg

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

MuseBench: Benchmarking Intent-Level Audiovisual Arts Understanding in MLLMs

arXiv:2606.30026v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audiovisual arts encompass diverse creative disciplines, including cinema, visual arts, stage performance, and

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Little Brains, Big Feats: Exploring Compact Language Models

arXiv:2606.30062v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While large language models have been dominating the research landscape recently, small language models remain

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Online Data Selection for Instruction Tuning via Gaussian Processes

arXiv:2606.30077v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training and fine-tuning shifting its focus from data volume to data quali

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SA-VLA: State-aware tokenizer for improving Vision-Language-Action Models' performance

arXiv:2606.30113v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Discrete action tokenization provides a compact interface for autoregressive VLA policies, but accurately reco

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Gravitational Duals from Equations of State II: Large Hierarchies and False Vacua

arXiv:2606.30117v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the reconstruction of holographic duals for strongly coupled quantum field theories in regimes

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Query-Aware Spreading Activation for Multi-Hop Retrieval over Knowledge Graphs

arXiv:2606.30133v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation built on knowledge graphs (Graph RAG) outperforms flat passage retrieval on mul