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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Fisher-Routed Mixture of Experts for Federated Class-Incremental Learning

arXiv:2606.28835v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a promising distributed machine learning paradigm. However, extending FL to

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

LAMP: Lean-based Agentic framework with MCP and Proof Repair

arXiv:2606.28841v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly capable of mathematical reasoning, but the proofs they generate are oft

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

The Heterogeneous Safety Impacts of Benign Multilingual Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2606.28843v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fine-tuning a large language model is a ubiquitous method for enhancing its capability on a specific downstrea

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Exploring the Value of Diverse LLM Explanations in Introductory Programming

arXiv:2606.28882v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown the potential to generate code explanations that surpass those of peer

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Latent Bridges for Multi-Table Question Answering

arXiv:2606.28916v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce GRAB, a constructor-encoder-bridge pipeline for table question answering. Our method lifts relati

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

DLR: Zero-Inference-Cost Latent Residuals for Low-Rank Pre-Training

arXiv:2606.28932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models have driven recent progress in language and multimodal AI, yet pre-training them at scal

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Evidence-Based Text-Conditioned 3D CT Synthesis for Ovarian Cancer

arXiv:2606.28980v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, making preoperative contrast-enhanced computed to

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Compositional Dynamics in Learning and Mechanics

arXiv:2606.28984v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We give a single compositional setting in which gradient-based learning and Hamiltonian-style mechanics appear

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Fine-Tuning General-Purpose Large Language Models for Agricultural Applications:A Reproducible Framework and Evaluation Protocol Based on Qwen3-8B

arXiv:2606.28992v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: General-purpose large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong abilities in opendomain question answeri

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Arbitrary Reduction of Validation Error for AI Decision Tests using Homomorphic AI and Repetition Codes

arXiv:2606.28994v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents new results and breakthrough obtained with the HbHAI techniques (Hash-based Homomorphic Ar

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Reward-Free Code Alignment from Pretrained or Fine-Tuned LLM: Unpacking the Trade-offs for Code Generation

arXiv:2606.28998v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) alignment trains an LLM using preference data to produce outputs that better meet e

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

BERTomelo: Your Portuguese Encoder Best Friend

arXiv:2606.28999v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Encoders have become the state of the art for multiple NLP tasks, especially those requiring deep contextual u

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Efficient Spatio-Temporal Grounding with Multimodal Large Models via Second-Level Tracking and RL Verification

arXiv:2606.29023v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatio-temporal grounding in long videos requires precise temporal localization and robust object tracking con

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

How to Leverage Synthetic Speech for LLM-Based ASR Systems?

arXiv:2606.29031v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In regulated domains such as banking and healthcare, where privacy constraints make real speech costly to coll

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

The strength of clinical evidence is recoverable from language model representations but not from their stated grades

arXiv:2606.29034v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly summarize clinical evidence, where a claim's weight depends on how s

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Flow Matching in Feature Space for Stochastic World Modeling

arXiv:2606.29059v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World modeling requires forecasting uncertain futures while preserving information useful for downstream perce

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

A Comparative Study on Affective Cues in Text Embeddings Across Psychological Emotion Theories

arXiv:2606.29068v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text encoders are known for their utility in natural language processing, as they are able to efficiently comp

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Diff-Based Code Corruption using LLMs for Large-Scale Bugfix Benchmarking

arXiv:2606.29088v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There are various benchmarks to evaluate bugfixing capabilities of Large Language Models. However, most widesp

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

AB-RAG: Adaptive Budgeted Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Question Answering

arXiv:2606.29090v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become the standard way to ground large language models in external k

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Statistically Indistinguishable, Operationally Distinct: A Formal Barrier for Tabular Foundation Models

arXiv:2606.29091v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tabular foundation models cannot reason about data produced by running systems without access to the rules tha

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Unified Complex-valued Neural Network: A Magnitude-Phase Computational Model for Event-Driven Neuromorphic Learning

arXiv:2606.29099v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANN) provide accurate continuous-valued representation, whereas spiking neural net

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

LLM Semantic Signaling Game and Mechanism Design: Systematic Blindness, Awareness Shaping, and Mindset Dynamics

arXiv:2606.29113v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate strategic interactions through natural language, making sema

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

CMTFormer: Marrying Transformer with Hierarchical Information Interaction for RGB-Event Object Detection

arXiv:2606.29136v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Event cameras capture sparse brightness changes with high temporal resolution and high dynamic range, compensa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

On the Nonlinearity of Learning Rate Scaling for LLM Training

arXiv:2606.29158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning-rate transfer can reduce the cost of training large language models: instead of sweeping learning rat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Invariant Reasoning Directions in Latent Trajectories of Language Models

arXiv:2606.29164v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Latent reasoning models perform multi-step inference directly in hidden-state space, yet the structure of thes

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

A Multi-Dataset Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Agents in Microservice Failure Diagnosis

arXiv:2606.29193v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-based agents are reshaping microservice operations into AgentOps, where benchmarks are key to evaluating f

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

A Hybrid Framework for Song Lyric Annotation Based on Human-LLM Alignment

arXiv:2606.29273v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Emotion recognition of song lyrics is a challenging task since lyrics may not necessarily align with the overa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Manufactured Confidence: How Memory Consolidation Turns Hearsay into Confident Facts

arXiv:2606.29279v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents carry conclusions across steps and sessions in compressed memory, and memory products (e.g., mem0,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Deterministic Decisions for High-Stakes AI. A Zero-Egress Pipeline with the Deployability of RAG and the Accuracy of Machine Learning

arXiv:2606.29280v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We identify intervention bias as a previously unquantified failure mode of zero-shot large-language-model (LLM

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

AMR: Adaptive Modality Routing for Multimodal Polyglot Speaker Identification

arXiv:2606.29335v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal speaker identification systems face two key challenges in real-world deployment: missing modalities

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Fast Enough to Act: Spatio-Temporal Visual Token Merging for Low-Latency Robotic VLMs and VLAs

arXiv:2606.29350v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models and vision-language action models endow the robot with unprecedented capabilities. Howe

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Solver-Verified Formulation Generation and Selection for Multi-Warehouse Inventory Allocation Using Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.29366v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Balance-oriented multi-warehouse inventory allocation is a recurring decision problem in large-scale e-commerc

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

LC-ICL: Label-Guided Contrastive In-Context Learning for Robust Information Extraction

arXiv:2606.29407v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There has been increasing interest in exploring the capabilities of advanced large language models (LLMs) in t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

LLMography: Transforming Human-AI Conversations into Traceability, Oversight, and Auditability Indicators

arXiv:2606.29437v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The growing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in education, software engineering, academic writing, and tech

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Closing the Activation-Cone Blind Spot: Response-Time Probing and Unified Defense

arXiv:2606.29441v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference-time safety methods for large language models have proliferated, yet no systematic comparison exists

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Bridging VideoQA and Video-Guided Agentic Tasks via Generalized Keyframe Extraction

arXiv:2606.29445v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Video understanding is a fundamental capability for multimodal intelligence, and recent Multimodal Large Langu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Interpretable Inverse Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks with Large Language Model Agents

arXiv:2606.29459v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inverse design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) requires searching a combinatorially vast space where proper

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Rank-Aware Hyperbolic Alignment for Vision-Language Dataset Distillation

arXiv:2606.29464v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language dataset distillation (VLDD) compresses a large image-text paired dataset into a small set of s

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

To Reason or to Fabricate: Reasoning Without Shortcuts via Hint-Anchored Pairwise Aggregation

arXiv:2606.29481v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While reinforcement learning (RL) significantly enhances LLM reasoning, its efficacy is severely undermined by

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Reported Confidence in LLMs Tracks Commitment More Than Correctness

arXiv:2606.29490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Confidence is an estimate of the probability that a chosen answer is correct. Verbal confidence reports are wi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

The Verbose Context Problem in Medical Records

arXiv:2606.29503v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The verbose context problem occurs when structured concepts have token-inefficient textual representations. Th

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SAKE: Software Architectural Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.29520v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as assistants across the software development lifecycle, ye

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

MotionAtlas: Detailed Region Captioning for Motion-Centric Videos

arXiv:2606.29531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose MotionAtlas, a system for detailed captioning of motion-centric videos, comprising (1) a dedicated

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

SemJoin: Semantic Join Optimization

arXiv:2606.29532v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Integrating unstructured data into relational database systems is increasingly important as demand grows for n

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Em-ergence of the em-dash: a population-level rise in em-dash frequency in medRxiv preprints at the dawn of the large-language-model era

arXiv:2606.29540v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can leave subtle stylistic traces in assisted text; one of the most cited is the

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

Coverage-Driven KV Cache Eviction for Efficient and Improved Inference of LLM

arXiv:2606.29563v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks like question answering and summarization, thanks to their

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

ScAle: Attention Head Scaling as a Minimal Adapter for Spatial Reasoning in Vision Language Models

arXiv:2606.29579v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial reasoning remains a persistent challenge for many vision language models (VLMs), and improving it typi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago

The Joint Effect of Quantization and Sampling Temperature on LLM Safety Alignment: A Factorial Analysis

arXiv:2606.29581v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern LLM deployments routinely compress models and raise sampling temperature to reduce cost, latency, or re