Core AI

Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

MatPhaseBench: A Semantics-Guided Benchmark for Materials Phase Diagrams Understanding

arXiv:2607.02934v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Materials phase diagrams are a core knowledge representation in materials science, encoding temperature,compos

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

A Precedent-Guided Co-Scientist for Side-Effect-Aware Drug Redesign

arXiv:2607.02944v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose PRECEDE, a precedent-guided co-scientist for side-effect-aware drug redesign that revises a parent

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Individual Parameters in Weight-Sparse Transformers Appear Interpretable

arXiv:2607.02964v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A central goal of mechanistic interpretability is to understand how neural networks work and what each individ

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Hierarchical Sparse Attention Done Right: Toward Infinite Context Modeling

arXiv:2607.02980v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scaling modern large language models (LLMs) to long contexts is limited by the quadratic computation cost, and

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

CONFLUX: A Latent Diusion Model for 3D Chest-CT Synthesis with RL Post-Training

arXiv:2607.02998v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Controllable generative models of 3D medical images can synthesize volumes with specified clinical attributes,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Back to Basics: Improving Molecular Understanding in LLMs via SMILES-Graph Translation

arXiv:2607.03007v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in molecular large language models have led to strong performance on molecular understanding a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

HyperVAttention: Efficient Sparse Attention with Spatio-Temporal Clustering for Video Diffusion

arXiv:2607.03012v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Video Diffusion Transformers (VDiTs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in high-fidelity video generat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

MambaLIE: Scene Light Intensity-Boosted Low-Light Image Enhancement with State Space Model

arXiv:2607.03013v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Images captured by consumer electronic devices, such as mobile phones and digital cameras, often suffer from l

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

OmniFocus: Query-Guided Modality-Balanced Token Compression for Omni-Modal Large Language Models

arXiv:2607.03050v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Omni modal large language models (OmniLLMs) have attracted wide attention for their ability to jointly process

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

LACE-SVD: Loss-Aware SVD with Cumulative Error Correction for LLM Compression

arXiv:2607.03057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth in the parameter scale of large language models (LLMs) has created a strong demand for effici

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Spectral Rewiring for Exploration, Purification, and Model Merging

arXiv:2607.03065v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning has become a standard post-training recipe for large language models, but dense full-pa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

PixCon: Clean-Positive Contrastive Learning for Foundation-Model Semi-Supervised Segmentation

arXiv:2607.03068v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSSS) has long turned on one question, which pseudo-labels to trust, an

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

STELLA: Efficient Sensor-to-LLM Translation for On-Device Human Activity Recognition

arXiv:2607.03089v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: HAR is increasingly expected to run continuously on edge devices, yet recent LLM-based methods remain hard to

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Don't Wait to Reply: Towards Responsive yet Thoughtful Dialogue through Proactive Thinking

arXiv:2607.03093v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Thinking has emerged as a critical capability for Large Language Models (LLMs) tackling complex tasks. However

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

ACPO: Adaptive Credit Policy Optimization via Fine-Grained Surrogate Entropy

arXiv:2607.03126v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has substantially improved the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs),

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Text as Partial Constraint: Core-Residual Alignment for Robust Vision-Language Learning

arXiv:2607.03143v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language alignment powers open-vocabulary recognition, retrieval, and LVLM grounding, yet natural capti

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Conditional Diffusion Guided Knowledge Transfer for Multi-Domain Knowledge Graph Completion

arXiv:2607.03154v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-domain knowledge graph completion (MKGC) aims to improve missing triple prediction in a target KG by tra

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Which Algorithm Specification Formats Help Language Models Implement Machine Learning Algorithms?

arXiv:2607.03158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to implement algorithms from research manuscripts, but pape

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

The Role of Prompt Language and Translation-Theory-Driven Prompts in Large Language Models: A Case Study on Spanish-Chinese Journalistic Translation

arXiv:2607.03160v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study examines how prompt language and translation theory-driven prompt design influence the quality of S

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

KARMA: Knowledge graph-based Automated Reasoning Materialization and Alignment

arXiv:2607.03166v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Template-based contrastive synthesis is scalable, but its candidates often differ only in a few entity-slots w

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Effectiveness of LLM-based Software Diversity for Reliability Improvement -- an Empirical Study

arXiv:2607.03174v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software diversity has been extensively studied as a means of reducing the risk of common-mode failures. Class

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Self-Specializing Vision-Language Transmon Chip Calibration in a Physics-Grounded Environment

arXiv:2607.03193v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Calibrating a superconducting transmon chip is a sequential decision problem under noise, drift, and a finite

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

OpenGlass: A Sensing-Computing Split Architecture for Local MLLM-Driven Real-Time Visual Assistance

arXiv:2607.03213v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present OpenGlass, an open-source, privacy-oriented, local-first system for low-latency multimodal visual a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Unbiased Alignment for Large Language Models with Noisy Preferences

arXiv:2607.03248v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The alignment of large language models with human preferences is commonly achieved through Reinforcement Learn

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

A harmonised dataset for Earth system foundation models

arXiv:2607.03298v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Foundation models for Earth systems have so far been trained primarily on physical climate and weather data, w

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

SPORK: Self-Speculative Forking to Accelerate Agentic LLM Inference

arXiv:2607.03333v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents are becoming a common interface for research, coding, and question answering, yet their Thought-Act

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

PedestrianDiffusion: Multimodal Generative Denoising and Dense State Estimation for Inertial Navigation

arXiv:2607.03349v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The accuracy of consumer-grade inertial navigation is bottlenecked by the stochastic noise of Micro-Electro-Me

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning for Malicious Python Package Detection

arXiv:2607.03350v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Malicious Python packages have become a major threat to software supply chain ecosystems due to the widespread

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Brand-as-Memory: Vision-Language Models Encode Causal, Mechanistically Localizable Credibility Priors for News Sources

arXiv:2607.03365v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) increasingly read news and web content as images, where the publisher's identity

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Spectral Signatures of Large Language Models

arXiv:2607.03377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapidly growing repository of publicly available large language models (LLMs) presents significant challen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Amortising Bayesian Experimental Design for Sequential Information Gathering in LLMs

arXiv:2607.03426v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning and world-knowledge capabilities, yet often struggle to

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

No Time Like the Present: Agentic Test-Time Training for LLM Agents

arXiv:2607.03441v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents often degrade over long episodes: as trajectories grow, they revisit explored states, repeat failed

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

TRIAGE: Trustworthy Retrieval Instrumentation And Graph Evaluation

arXiv:2607.03447v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge graphs (KGs) that underpin Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) are increasingly b

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

HiMe: Hierarchical Embodied Memory for Long-Horizon Vision-Language-Action Control

arXiv:2607.03449v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel at robotic manipulation but often struggle with non-Markovia

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Best-of-Better-$N$: Generating Pre-Aligned Responses with In-Context Learning

arXiv:2607.03453v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference-time alignment methods, such as Best-of-$N$, offer a flexible alternative to training-based alignmen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

CaresAI at SMM4H-HeaRD 2026: Predicting TNM Staging

arXiv:2607.03466v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study aims to predict Tumor, Node, and Metastasis (TNM) stage labels independently, with the Cancer Genom

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

STRATOS: Bridging the Symbolic-to-Numeric Gap in Spatio-Temporal Text-to-SQL for Meteorological Data

arXiv:2607.03501v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Copernicus, the European Union's Earth observation program, produces petabytes of Earth observation and climat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Reading Between the Dots: Decoding Hidden Computation across Filler Tokens

arXiv:2607.03502v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Frontier LLMs can perform multi-step reasoning over content-free filler tokens like dots or counting sequences

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Aligning Language Models with Selective Prediction

arXiv:2607.03528v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as critical decision-making components in high-stakes r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Teacher Supervision over Representation Equivalence Classes

arXiv:2607.03572v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge distillation is usually framed as a choice of what to match in the teacher - its logits, hidden feat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Differentiate the Evaluator, Not the Program: An Efficient Runtime Representation for Neuro-Symbolic Learning

arXiv:2607.03574v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI systems increasingly propose executable scientific models whose value depends on both their symbolic struct

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Responsibility Distribution Estimation in Ego-View Accident Videos with Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv:2607.03591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent studies on multimodal traffic accident understanding have mainly relied on infrastructure-camera footag

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Token-Based Affordance Grounding with Large Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2607.03595v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Affordance grounding aims to localize image regions that support a specific action, serving as a core capabili

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

They Infer What You Meant: Models Represent Communicative Intent More Reliably Than They Act On It

arXiv:2607.03598v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When a person shares something with a language model, the model often answers the surface of the message rathe

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

RADIO1D: Elastic Representations for Condensed Vision Modeling

arXiv:2607.03624v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper challenges the assumption that vision-language models (VLMs) require fixed patch-based 2D vision fe

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

An AI-Assisted Solution to the Signed BAR Conjecture: Uniqueness in the Harrison--Reiman Class and a Completely-$\mathcal{S}$ Class Obstruction

arXiv:2607.03639v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For a multidimensional reflected diffusion, determining whether the associated basic adjoint relationship (BAR

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Revealing Hidden Model Behaviors with Task-Specific Self-Reports

arXiv:2607.03640v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fine-tuning can give a language model a hidden behavior--it may give false answers under a narrow condition, o

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Moonstone: A Multimodal Foundation Model and Benchmark for Lunar Remote Sensing

arXiv:2607.03644v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Decades of orbital missions have produced multi-modal remote sensing data for the Moon, spanning optical image