Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

11,555
lessons
Skills in this topic
View full skill map →
ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data
All Reads (3,248) Articles (1855)Blog Posts (731)Tutorials (538)Research Papers (120)News (4)
Stop Overfitting With Basically One Line of Code
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 6h ago
Stop Overfitting With Basically One Line of Code
Ridge vs Lasso, and the One Picture That Ends the Argument Continue reading on Towards AI »
Answer Calculator: Step-by-Step Math Help
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 10h ago
Answer Calculator: Step-by-Step Math Help
When the Math Answer Calculator Becomes Your Best Friend at 11 PM Continue reading on Medium »
30+ Coding Challenge Websites to Level Up Your Dev Skills in 2026
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 10h ago
30+ Coding Challenge Websites to Level Up Your Dev Skills in 2026
If your goal is to pass tech screens, optimize time complexity, and master Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA), start here. Continue reading on Medium »
The Beginner Python Mistake That 17 Tutorials Never Explained
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 12h ago
The Beginner Python Mistake That 17 Tutorials Never Explained
Why Python printed 510 instead of 15 and how understanding one simple concept transformed the way I learned programming forever. Continue reading on Python in P
Train Neural Networks without Draining your Pocket: Distributed Training in TensorFlow using…
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 12h ago
Train Neural Networks without Draining your Pocket: Distributed Training in TensorFlow using…
Understand how Mirrored Strategy works and get your hands dirty with some TensorFlow’s distributed training code! Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 18h ago
FastAPI for Production AI: From Notebook to Scalable APIs
Here's the updated blog post with more code examples and guidance for beginners: Building Production AI Pipelines with FastAPI You've spent weeks, maybe months,
Knowing When Not to Decide: Uncertainty Estimation in Medical AI Systems
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Knowing When Not to Decide: Uncertainty Estimation in Medical AI Systems
Building AI that recognizes ambiguity before influencing clinical judgment Continue reading on Towards AI »
How YouTube Decides Which Video Ranks #1 — Cosine Similarity Explained Step by Step
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
How YouTube Decides Which Video Ranks #1 — Cosine Similarity Explained Step by Step
Learn how YouTube, Google and Gmail rank search results using Cosine Similarity — calculated step by step from scratch with full… Continue reading on Medium »
Machine Learning Roadmap for Beginners in 2026
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Machine Learning Roadmap for Beginners in 2026
A practical machine learning roadmap for beginners in 2026. Learn Python, math, ML algorithms, projects, deep learning, and career skills… Continue reading on M
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Adaptive Neuro-Symbolic Planning for precision oncology clinical workflows under real-time policy constraints
Adaptive Neuro-Symbolic Planning for precision oncology clinical workflows under real-time policy constraints Introduction: The Spark of Discovery It beg
Reddit r/learnprogramming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Been on and off trying to get into programming for the past several years, would Python be a good starting point?
I've tried several times to get into programming for many years but I always bounce off it, most likely because I never fully tried to just sit down and put my
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Unlock Universal Pattern Matching: Regular Expressions That Work Everywhere
Introduction to Universal Pattern Matching Regular expressions, commonly abbreviated as regex, are a powerful tool used for matching patterns in strings. They a
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
const vs constexpr in C++: Whats the actual difference?
If you’re new to C++, it might come as a surprise when you inevitably come across both the const and constexpr keywords. Continue reading on Medium »
Forecasting at Scale: A Hybrid Architecture Where Classical Models, Deep Learning, Foundation…
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Forecasting at Scale: A Hybrid Architecture Where Classical Models, Deep Learning, Foundation…
By Brian Curry | Vector1 Research Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Arrays Are More Than Lists: Thinking About Data Flow
Moving from simple collections to predictable, expressive, and meaningful data structures. Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
Key Technologies Used by a Modern MLM Software Developer Company
<img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.us-east-2.amazon
The Decision Surface: How to Recognize a Degraded One
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
The Decision Surface: How to Recognize a Degraded One
Before the decision gets made, not after. Continue reading on PolarisWay »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
AI & Machine Learning Servers: The Hidden Infrastructure Powering the AI Revolution
AI & Machine Learning Servers: The Hidden Infrastructure Powering the AI Revolution When people talk about Artificial Intelligence (AI), the conversation us
The Rise of MLOps: Building Smarter AI Systems in 2026
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
The Rise of MLOps: Building Smarter AI Systems in 2026
The AI journey begins with building a machine learning model. Continue reading on Medium »
If AI Can Label Data, Why Is the Annotation Market Still Growing?
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
If AI Can Label Data, Why Is the Annotation Market Still Growing?
If AI Can Label Data, Why Is the Annotation Market Still Growing? Continue reading on Medium »
5 Machine Learning Concepts Every Tech Professional Must Know in 2026
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
5 Machine Learning Concepts Every Tech Professional Must Know in 2026
For the first 60 years of computing, humans had to write explicit, step-by-step instructions for everything a computer did. Continue reading on Medium »
Reddit r/learnprogramming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
Blind 75: The Only LeetCode List Most Interview Candidates Need
While preparing for interviews, I realized recognizing patterns matters more than memorizing solutions. I collected the most common interview patterns and organ
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
Why Simulations Are Becoming the Most Important Laboratory in Science
For most of scientific history, discovery followed a familiar pattern. Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 4d ago
No Free Lunch Theorem — Deep Dive + Problem: Moving Average from Data Stream
A daily deep dive into ml topics, coding problems, and platform features from PixelBank . Topic Deep Dive: No Free Lunch Theorem From the Introduction to ML cha
From PDEs to Graphs: A Primer on Physics Simulation and Geometric Deep Learning (Part 1/2)
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
From PDEs to Graphs: A Primer on Physics Simulation and Geometric Deep Learning (Part 1/2)
No physics or ML background required. Everything you need before reading how I built an AI that predicts fluid flow in seconds, in Part 2. Continue reading on T
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
DBSCAN From Scratch: Clustering by Density (with Noise)
K-Means makes you pick the number of clusters and only finds round blobs. DBSCAN does neither — it grows clusters from dense regions, discovers the count on its
​Almost no one outside of functional analysis and advanced computer science even knows his name.
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
​Almost no one outside of functional analysis and advanced computer science even knows his name.
A Self-Taught Coffeehouse Rebel Secretly Engineered the Mathematical Soul of Machine Learning. Continue reading on Philosophy Of Physics »
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
The Curse of Dimensionality and PCA: Why More Features Can Hurt You
If you’ve worked with machine learning for any length of time, you’ve probably heard someone say “the curse of dimensionality” with the… Continue reading on Med
How I finally understood java streams as a Beginner
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
How I finally understood java streams as a Beginner
First let us understand, why we need streams? Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
How a Machine Learning Development Company Builds Production-Ready ML Systems on AWS
Building a machine learning solution is rarely the difficult part. Getting that model into production, keeping it reliable, and ensuring predictions remain accu
Deep Learning Is Not So Mysterious or Different: A First-Person Explanation of Generalization…
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
Deep Learning Is Not So Mysterious or Different: A First-Person Explanation of Generalization…
I want to challenge a common narrative in modern machine learning: that deep learning generalization is fundamentally mysterious. It is… Continue reading on Med
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 5d ago
Neural Network Fundamentals — Deep Dive + Problem: Procrustes Analysis
A daily deep dive into cv topics, coding problems, and platform features from PixelBank . Topic Deep Dive: Neural Network Fundamentals From the Deep Learning ch
Day 4
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago
Day 4
24.6.26 Continue reading on Medium »
21 Python Libraries That Feel Like Cheating (But Are Completely Legal)
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago
21 Python Libraries That Feel Like Cheating (But Are Completely Legal)
You are probably working 10x harder than necessary. Continue reading on Medium »
I Wouldn’t Walk Into an AI Engineer Interview Without Knowing These 5 Concepts
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago
I Wouldn’t Walk Into an AI Engineer Interview Without Knowing These 5 Concepts
The concepts that interviewers expect you to know Continue reading on Pen With Paper »
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago
Why my journey to becoming a better developer started with the absolute basics.
A few weeks ago, I started a structured journey toward becoming a better software developer. Instead of jumping straight into complex… Continue reading on Mediu
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago
Simple Linear Regression — Deep Dive + Problem: Light Field Refocusing
A daily deep dive into ml topics, coding problems, and platform features from PixelBank . Topic Deep Dive: Simple Linear Regression From the Linear Regression c
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Searching for a Black Cat in a 2000-Dimensional Dark Room: A Machine Learning Algorithm Tournament
Epigraph: "The experiment is over. The results look as though I’ve slightly broken the laws of physics governing conventional tabular ML." "Perhaps this is a co
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
I built a football bot that doesn't watch football. It's #2 in our World Cup league.
The bot is sitting in second place out of fourteen. Three points behind the leader. The thirteen humans in this league watch a lot more football than I do, and
DDPM — Concepts, Mathematics, and Implementation
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
DDPM — Concepts, Mathematics, and Implementation
1. What is a diffusion model? Continue reading on Medium »
The $100 Billion Algorithm You Use Every Day
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
The $100 Billion Algorithm You Use Every Day
Understand the principles behind content-based recommendation methods. Explore the role of feature extraction and content similarity in… Continue reading on Med
How to Start Coding Practice from Scratch (And Actually Level Up — Step by Step)
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
How to Start Coding Practice from Scratch (And Actually Level Up — Step by Step)
You’ve decided to learn DSA. You opened Google. Now you have 47 tabs open and zero idea where to begin. Continue reading on Medium »
“How to Choose the Right Programming Language for Your Project”
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
“How to Choose the Right Programming Language for Your Project”
A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners and Aspiring Developers Continue reading on Medium »
Workshop: Build a Product Filter with LINQ
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Workshop: Build a Product Filter with LINQ
Most LINQ tutorials spend half the article explaining lambda expressions before you write a single line of code. This one does not. Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Improvised Apriori Algorithm using frequent pattern tree for real timeapplications in data mining
Loss Functions: Measuring How Wrong a Neural Network is
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Loss Functions: Measuring How Wrong a Neural Network is
This is day 8 of building a neural network from scratch in python. Yesterday we said that learning is just a loop: the network makes a… Continue reading on Medi
The Architecture of REM: Why Sleep Posture Triggers Systems-Level Hallucinations
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
The Architecture of REM: Why Sleep Posture Triggers Systems-Level Hallucinations
Mapping ancient sleep wisdom, biomechanical data pipelines, and machine learning inference cycles in the human operating system. Continue reading on Medium »
Teaching Computers to Train Together: Building a Distributed Training Platform Across Multiple GPUs…
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Teaching Computers to Train Together: Building a Distributed Training Platform Across Multiple GPUs…
How I built a lightweight federated machine learning system using PyTorch to distribute training across multiple machines Continue reading on Medium »