Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

11,973
lessons
Skills in this topic
View full skill map →
ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data
Videos 10,762 Reads 1,211

Showing 1,211 reads from curated sources

Level: All Beginner Intermediate Advanced
Newest Popular Oldest
When Your Model Does Not Know What It Does Not Know: A Drug Discovery ML Project
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
When Your Model Does Not Know What It Does Not Know: A Drug Discovery ML Project
Building a molecular binding affinity prediction pipeline with Graph Attention Networks, MC Dropout uncertainty quantification, and… Continue reading on Medium
View lesson → + Playlist
When Your Model Does Not Know What It Does Not Know: A Drug Discovery ML Project
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
When Your Model Does Not Know What It Does Not Know: A Drug Discovery ML Project
Building a molecular binding affinity prediction pipeline with Graph Attention Networks, MC Dropout uncertainty quantification, and… Continue reading on Medium
View lesson → + Playlist
Building a Semantic Search Engine for Patent Prior Art Discovery Using SBERT and FAISS
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Building a Semantic Search Engine for Patent Prior Art Discovery Using SBERT and FAISS
Building a Semantic Search Engine for Patent Prior Art Discovery Using SBERT and FAISS Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Automation, Security, and Precision Medicine Innovations of Modern Deep Learning
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Automation, Security, and Precision Medicine Innovations of Modern Deep Learning
Deep learning (DL) has moved beyond manual configuration toward automated, high-performance systems. Continue reading on Quant Review »
View lesson → + Playlist
pandas.get_dummies() Metodu Nedir, Makine Öğrenmesinde Nasıl Kullanılır
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
pandas.get_dummies() Metodu Nedir, Makine Öğrenmesinde Nasıl Kullanılır
Veri setlerinde karşımıza çıkan kategorik verileri nominal (sırasız) ve ordinal (sıralı) olarak ikiye ayırabiliriz. Ordinal veriler… Continue reading on Medium
View lesson → + Playlist
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Arrays & Hashing: A Beginner’s Guide to the Most Important Pattern in DSA
Arrays & Hashing: A Beginner's Guide to the Most Important Pattern in DSA If you are just starting out with Data Structures and Algorithms, Arrays & Has
View lesson → + Playlist
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Arrays & Hashing: A Beginner’s Guide to the Most Important Pattern in DSA
Arrays & Hashing: A Beginner’s Guide to the Most Important Pattern in DSA Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
რას გულისხმობს “8-puzzle” პრობლემა. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
რას გულისხმობს “8-puzzle” პრობლემა. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
რას გულისხმობს “8-puzzle” პრობლემა. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Solving the ‘8-puzzle’ using a basic AI algorithm
რას გულისხმობს “8-puzzle” პრობლემა. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
- …
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
- …
In the world of production AI, accuracy alone is not enough.. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
- …
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
- …
In the world of production AI, accuracy alone is not enough.. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Every AI Training Pipeline Has a Ceiling Problem
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Every AI Training Pipeline Has a Ceiling Problem
How SFT, RL, and distillation shape what your model can and can’t learn. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
You Don’t Have a Memory Problem
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
You Don’t Have a Memory Problem
You have an understanding problem. And the difference explains almost everything about why some knowledge sticks and some disappears. Continue reading on Medium
View lesson → + Playlist
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
How does a machine know which two things are similar? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
How does a machine know which two things are similar? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
How does a machine know which two things are similar? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Distance Metrics: Euclidean, Manhattan & Cosine Similarity
How does a machine know which two things are similar? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Detecting Fraud in Digital Transactions: A Machine Learning Approach Using Logistic Regression —…
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Detecting Fraud in Digital Transactions: A Machine Learning Approach Using Logistic Regression —…
Introduction In the era of digital banking and cashless transactions, credit cards have become one of the most widely used payment methods… Continue reading on
View lesson → + Playlist
Detecting Fraud in Digital Transactions: A Machine Learning Approach Using Logistic Regression —…
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Detecting Fraud in Digital Transactions: A Machine Learning Approach Using Logistic Regression —…
Introduction In the era of digital banking and cashless transactions, credit cards have become one of the most widely used payment methods… Continue reading on
View lesson → + Playlist
JAX Gotchas That Confused Me (And Will Confuse You Too)
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
JAX Gotchas That Confused Me (And Will Confuse You Too)
So I’ve been learning JAX for a while now. And honestly? It’s amazing. But it also made me go “wait… what??” more times than I’d like to… Continue reading on Me
View lesson → + Playlist
6 Programming Rules I Broke Before Improving
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
6 Programming Rules I Broke Before Improving
The habits that quietly slowed my growth Continue reading on Level Up Coding »
View lesson → + Playlist
6 Programming Rules I Broke Before Improving
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
6 Programming Rules I Broke Before Improving
The habits that quietly slowed my growth Continue reading on Level Up Coding »
View lesson → + Playlist
4 Python Bugs That Taught Me More Than Tutorials
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
4 Python Bugs That Taught Me More Than Tutorials
The bugs that made my Python automation smarter. Continue reading on Stackademic »
View lesson → + Playlist
4 Python Bugs That Taught Me More Than Tutorials
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
4 Python Bugs That Taught Me More Than Tutorials
The bugs that made my Python automation smarter. Continue reading on Stackademic »
View lesson → + Playlist
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Compositional Meta-Learning for Mitigating Task Heterogeneity in Physics-Informed Neural Networks
arXiv:2604.26999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by embed
View lesson → + Playlist
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Binary Spiking Neural Networks as Causal Models
arXiv:2604.27007v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We provide a causal analysis of Binary Spiking Neural Networks (BSNNs) to explain their behavior. We formally de
View lesson → + Playlist
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Unsupervised Electrofacies Classification and Porosity Characterization in the Offshore Keta Basin Using Wireline Logs
arXiv:2604.27126v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study presents an unsupervised machine learning workflow for electrofacies analysis in the offshore Keta Ba
View lesson → + Playlist
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Machine Collective Intelligence for Explainable Scientific Discovery
arXiv:2604.27297v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deriving governing equations from empirical observations is a longstanding challenge in science. Although artifi
View lesson → + Playlist
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Measurement Risk in Supervised Financial NLP: Rubric and Metric Sensitivity on JF-ICR
arXiv:2604.27374v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As LLMs become credible readers of earnings calls, investor-relations Q\&A, guidance, and disclosure language, s
View lesson → + Playlist
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Robust Learning on Heterogeneous Graphs with Heterophily: A Graph Structure Learning Approach
arXiv:2604.27387v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Heterogeneous graphs with heterophily have emerged as a powerful abstraction for modeling complex real-world sys
View lesson → + Playlist
Batch Normalization
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Batch Normalization
The trick that makes deep learning actually work. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
What is User-Based Collaborative Filtering? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
What is User-Based Collaborative Filtering? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
What is User-Based Collaborative Filtering? Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
When Your Model Cheats Without Cheating: A Lesson in What “Source Separation” Really Protects You…
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
When Your Model Cheats Without Cheating: A Lesson in What “Source Separation” Really Protects You…
What I learned building a political bias classifier — and why the most interesting result wasn’t the best one. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
A technical deep dive into AutoEncoder anomaly scoring, Gradient Boosting ensembles, SHAP explainability, and real-time Kafka streaming. Continue reading on Med
View lesson → + Playlist
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
A technical deep dive into AutoEncoder anomaly scoring, Gradient Boosting ensembles, SHAP explainability, and real-time Kafka streaming. Continue reading on Med
View lesson → + Playlist
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
A technical deep dive into AutoEncoder anomaly scoring, Gradient Boosting ensembles, SHAP explainability, and real-time Kafka streaming. Continue reading on Med
View lesson → + Playlist
Building an AI-Powered Prediction Engine for Racing Data: A Developer's Journey
Dev.to · Ali Can 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Building an AI-Powered Prediction Engine for Racing Data: A Developer's Journey
As developers, we are always looking for interesting datasets to test our machine learning skills....
View lesson → + Playlist
20 AI Concepts Explained
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
20 AI Concepts Explained
If you’re a developer stepping into AI and ML for the first time, the terminology can feel like a wall. Loss functions, transformers… Continue reading on Medium
View lesson → + Playlist
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Your pipeline has no memory of its own uncertainty.
Most multi-step AI pipelines are built around a simple question: did this output pass or fail? Each step gets a verdict. If it passes, the… Continue reading on
View lesson → + Playlist
Regime Detection in Markets: Why Most Trading Strategies Fail (and How Quants Adapt)
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Regime Detection in Markets: Why Most Trading Strategies Fail (and How Quants Adapt)
Most trading strategies don’t fail because they’re wrong. Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
Bombay Stock Exchange, Jan 2026
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Bombay Stock Exchange, Jan 2026
In January 2026, the Bombay Stock Exchange had to issue an emergency public warning. Deepfake videos of their CEO were circulating online… Continue reading on M
View lesson → + Playlist
The Monitoring Pipeline, With One Prediction Tracked Across 30 Days of Silence (Part 5)
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The Monitoring Pipeline, With One Prediction Tracked Across 30 Days of Silence (Part 5)
Part 4 — https://medium.com/@mittalutkarsh/the-training-pipeline-with-one-row-flowing-through-every-stage-part4-2797aa2e6c2d Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist
AI-Based Agriculture Image Classification System using Deep Learning
Dev.to · Mogalluru Pavan 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
AI-Based Agriculture Image Classification System using Deep Learning
🌿 Introduction Agriculture plays a vital role in our daily life. Farmers often face...
View lesson → + Playlist
The ML Portfolio That Actually Gets You Hired in 2026
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The ML Portfolio That Actually Gets You Hired in 2026
Building with Data | Part 6: The Series Finale Continue reading on Medium »
View lesson → + Playlist