Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

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ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data

Showing 1,239 reads from curated sources

From SQL Analytics to Predictive Decision Systems: Operationalizing ML Models in  Business Operation
Hackernoon 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
From SQL Analytics to Predictive Decision Systems: Operationalizing ML Models in Business Operation
SQL analytics shows what happened, but modern businesses need to act on what will happen next. The real challenge isn’t building ML models, it’s operationalizin
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Compliance-Aware Predictive Process Monitoring: A Neuro-Symbolic Approach
arXiv:2603.26948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing approaches for predictive process monitoring are sub-symbolic, meaning that they learn correlations bet
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper 1mo ago
On the Relationship between Bayesian Networks and Probabilistic Structural Causal Models
arXiv:2603.27406v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, the relationship between probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, and cau
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
A Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Edema Classification Using HCT and Clinical Data
arXiv:2603.26726v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose AttentionMixer, a unified deep learning framework for multimodal detection of brain edema that comb
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Multi-view Graph Convolutional Network with Fully Leveraging Consistency via Granular-ball-based Topology Construction, Feature Enhancement and Interactive Fusion
arXiv:2603.26729v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The effective utilization of consistency is crucial for multi-view learning. GCNs leverage node connections to
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Ordinal Semantic Segmentation Applied to Medical and Odontological Images
arXiv:2603.26736v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Semantic segmentation consists of assigning a semantic label to each pixel according to predefined classes. Th
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
DSO: Dual-Scale Neural Operators for Stable Long-term Fluid Dynamics Forecasting
arXiv:2603.26800v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-term fluid dynamics forecasting is a critically important problem in science and engineering. While neura
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Dynamic resource matching in manufacturing using deep reinforcement learning
arXiv:2603.27066v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Matching plays an important role in the logical allocation of resources across a wide range of industries. The
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
RDEx-SOP: Exploitation-Biased Reconstructed Differential Evolution for Fixed-Budget Bound-Constrained Single-Objective Optimization
arXiv:2603.27089v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Bound-constrained single-objective numerical optimisation remains a key benchmark for assessing the robustness
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
RDEx-CSOP: Feasibility-Aware Reconstructed Differential Evolution with Adaptive epsilon-Constraint Ranking
arXiv:2603.27090v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Constrained single-objective numerical optimisation requires both feasibility maintenance and strong objective
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
RDEx-MOP: Indicator-Guided Reconstructed Differential Evolution for Fixed-Budget Multiobjective Optimization
arXiv:2603.27092v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multiobjective optimisation in the CEC 2025 MOP track is evaluated not only by final IGD values but also by ho
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Bayes-MICE: A Bayesian Approach to Multiple Imputation for Time Series Data
arXiv:2603.27142v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Time-series analysis is often affected by missing data, a common problem across several fields, including heal
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Multimodal Forecasting for Commodity Prices Using Spectrogram-Based and Time Series Representations
arXiv:2603.27321v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Forecasting multivariate time series remains challenging due to complex cross-variable dependencies and the pr
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Diagnosing Non-Markovian Observations in Reinforcement Learning via Prediction-Based Violation Scoring
arXiv:2603.27389v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning algorithms assume that observations satisfy the Markov property, yet real-world sensors
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Multiple-Prediction-Powered Inference
arXiv:2603.27414v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Statistical estimation often involves tradeoffs between expensive, high-quality measurements and a variety of
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Cross-attentive Cohesive Subgraph Embedding to Mitigate Oversquashing in GNNs
arXiv:2603.27529v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across various real-world domains. Nevertheless,
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
What-If Explanations Over Time: Counterfactuals for Time Series Classification
arXiv:2603.27792v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Counterfactual explanations emerge as a powerful approach in explainable AI, providing what-if scenarios that
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Bit-Identical Medical Deep Learning via Structured Orthogonal Initialization
arXiv:2603.28040v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep learning training is non-deterministic: identical code with different random seeds produces models that a
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
TwinMixing: A Shuffle-Aware Feature Interaction Model for Multi-Task Segmentation
arXiv:2603.28233v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate and efficient perception is essential for autonomous driving, where segmentation tasks such as drivab
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
MR-ImagenTime: Multi-Resolution Time Series Generation through Dual Image Representations
arXiv:2603.28253v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Time series forecasting is vital across many domains, yet existing models struggle with fixed-length inputs an
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Mapping data literacy trajectories in K-12 education
arXiv:2603.28317v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data literacy skills are fundamental in computer science education. However, understanding how data-driven sys
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
KGroups: A Versatile Univariate Max-Relevance Min-Redundancy Feature Selection Algorithm for High-dimensional Biological Data
arXiv:2603.28417v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper proposes a new univariate filter feature selection (FFS) algorithm called KGroups. The majority of
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
A Convex Route to Thermomechanics: Learning Internal Energy and Dissipation
arXiv:2603.28707v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a physics-based neural network framework for the discovery of constitutive models in fully coupled
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Geometry-aware similarity metrics for neural representations on Riemannian and statistical manifolds
arXiv:2603.28764v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Similarity measures are widely used to interpret the representational geometries used by neural networks to so
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Temporally Detailed Hypergraph Neural ODEs for Disease Progression Modeling
arXiv:2510.17211v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Disease progression modeling aims to characterize and predict how a patient's disease complications worsen o
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Learning Expressive Priors for Generalization and Uncertainty Estimation in Neural Networks
arXiv:2307.07753v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this work, we propose a novel prior learning method for advancing generalization and uncertainty es
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Active Learning: A Novel Framework for Data Labeling in AI Systems
arXiv:2501.00277v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern AI algorithms require labeled data. In real world, majority of data are unlabeled. Labeling the
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Class-Imbalanced-Aware Adaptive Dataset Distillation for Scalable Pretrained Model on Credit Scoring
arXiv:2501.10677v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The advent of artificial intelligence has significantly enhanced credit scoring technologies. Despite
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
A Benchmark for Incremental Micro-expression Recognition
arXiv:2501.19111v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Micro-expression recognition plays a pivotal role in understanding hidden emotions and has application
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Towards Quantifying Long-Range Interactions in Graph Machine Learning: a Large Graph Dataset and a Measurement
arXiv:2503.09008v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-range dependencies are critical for effective graph representation learning, yet most existing da
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Measuring the (Un)Faithfulness of Concept-Based Explanations
arXiv:2504.10833v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep vision models perform input-output computations that are hard to interpret. Concept-based explana
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
What Is the Optimal Ranking Score Between Precision and Recall? We Can Always Find It and It Is Rarely $F_1$
arXiv:2511.22442v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ranking methods or models based on their performance is of prime importance but is tricky because perf
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Overcoming the Curvature Bottleneck in MeanFlow
arXiv:2511.23342v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: MeanFlow offers a promising framework for one-step generative modeling by directly learning a mean-vel
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Prototype-Based Semantic Consistency Alignment for Domain Adaptive Retrieval
arXiv:2512.04524v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Domain adaptive retrieval aims to transfer knowledge from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled targ
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Hellinger Multimodal Variational Autoencoders
arXiv:2601.06572v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used for weakly supervised generative learning w
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
Dual-Prototype Disentanglement: A Context-Aware Enhancement Framework for Time Series Forecasting
arXiv:2601.16632v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Time series forecasting has witnessed significant progress with deep learning. While prevailing approa
Towards Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
How to Lie with Statistics with your Robot Best Friend
What is p hacking, is it bad, and can you get ai to do it for you? The post How to Lie with Statistics with your Robot Best Friend appeared first on Towards Dat
5 Useful Python Scripts for Effective Feature Selection
KDnuggets 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
5 Useful Python Scripts for Effective Feature Selection
Learn five simple Python scripts to perform effective feature selection. Each one is practical, minimal, and easy to use in real projects.
7 Essential Python Itertools for Feature Engineering
Machine Learning Mastery 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1mo ago
7 Essential Python Itertools for Feature Engineering
Feature engineering is where most of the real work in machine learning happens.