Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

12,007
lessons
Skills in this topic
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ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data

Showing 1,234 reads from curated sources

4 Python Bugs That Taught Me More Than Tutorials
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
4 Python Bugs That Taught Me More Than Tutorials
The bugs that made my Python automation smarter. Continue reading on Stackademic »
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Compositional Meta-Learning for Mitigating Task Heterogeneity in Physics-Informed Neural Networks
arXiv:2604.26999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by embed
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Binary Spiking Neural Networks as Causal Models
arXiv:2604.27007v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We provide a causal analysis of Binary Spiking Neural Networks (BSNNs) to explain their behavior. We formally de
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Unsupervised Electrofacies Classification and Porosity Characterization in the Offshore Keta Basin Using Wireline Logs
arXiv:2604.27126v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study presents an unsupervised machine learning workflow for electrofacies analysis in the offshore Keta Ba
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Machine Collective Intelligence for Explainable Scientific Discovery
arXiv:2604.27297v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deriving governing equations from empirical observations is a longstanding challenge in science. Although artifi
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Measurement Risk in Supervised Financial NLP: Rubric and Metric Sensitivity on JF-ICR
arXiv:2604.27374v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As LLMs become credible readers of earnings calls, investor-relations Q\&A, guidance, and disclosure language, s
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Robust Learning on Heterogeneous Graphs with Heterophily: A Graph Structure Learning Approach
arXiv:2604.27387v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Heterogeneous graphs with heterophily have emerged as a powerful abstraction for modeling complex real-world sys
Batch Normalization
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Batch Normalization
The trick that makes deep learning actually work. Continue reading on Medium »
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
What is User-Based Collaborative Filtering? Continue reading on Medium »
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
What is User-Based Collaborative Filtering? Continue reading on Medium »
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Implementing a User-Based Recommendation System from Scratch in Python
What is User-Based Collaborative Filtering? Continue reading on Medium »
When Your Model Cheats Without Cheating: A Lesson in What “Source Separation” Really Protects You…
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
When Your Model Cheats Without Cheating: A Lesson in What “Source Separation” Really Protects You…
What I learned building a political bias classifier — and why the most interesting result wasn’t the best one. Continue reading on Medium »
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
A technical deep dive into AutoEncoder anomaly scoring, Gradient Boosting ensembles, SHAP explainability, and real-time Kafka streaming. Continue reading on Med
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
A technical deep dive into AutoEncoder anomaly scoring, Gradient Boosting ensembles, SHAP explainability, and real-time Kafka streaming. Continue reading on Med
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Our Fraud Detection Model Had 90% False Negatives. Here Is How We Fixed It.
A technical deep dive into AutoEncoder anomaly scoring, Gradient Boosting ensembles, SHAP explainability, and real-time Kafka streaming. Continue reading on Med
Building an AI-Powered Prediction Engine for Racing Data: A Developer's Journey
Dev.to · Ali Can 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Building an AI-Powered Prediction Engine for Racing Data: A Developer's Journey
As developers, we are always looking for interesting datasets to test our machine learning skills....
20 AI Concepts Explained
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
20 AI Concepts Explained
If you’re a developer stepping into AI and ML for the first time, the terminology can feel like a wall. Loss functions, transformers… Continue reading on Medium
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Your pipeline has no memory of its own uncertainty.
Most multi-step AI pipelines are built around a simple question: did this output pass or fail? Each step gets a verdict. If it passes, the… Continue reading on
Regime Detection in Markets: Why Most Trading Strategies Fail (and How Quants Adapt)
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Regime Detection in Markets: Why Most Trading Strategies Fail (and How Quants Adapt)
Most trading strategies don’t fail because they’re wrong. Continue reading on Medium »
Bombay Stock Exchange, Jan 2026
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Bombay Stock Exchange, Jan 2026
In January 2026, the Bombay Stock Exchange had to issue an emergency public warning. Deepfake videos of their CEO were circulating online… Continue reading on M
The Monitoring Pipeline, With One Prediction Tracked Across 30 Days of Silence (Part 5)
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The Monitoring Pipeline, With One Prediction Tracked Across 30 Days of Silence (Part 5)
Part 4 — https://medium.com/@mittalutkarsh/the-training-pipeline-with-one-row-flowing-through-every-stage-part4-2797aa2e6c2d Continue reading on Medium »
AI-Based Agriculture Image Classification System using Deep Learning
Dev.to · Mogalluru Pavan 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
AI-Based Agriculture Image Classification System using Deep Learning
🌿 Introduction Agriculture plays a vital role in our daily life. Farmers often face...
The ML Portfolio That Actually Gets You Hired in 2026
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The ML Portfolio That Actually Gets You Hired in 2026
Building with Data | Part 6: The Series Finale Continue reading on Medium »
The ML Portfolio That Actually Gets You Hired in 2026
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
The ML Portfolio That Actually Gets You Hired in 2026
Building with Data | Part 6: The Series Finale Continue reading on Medium »
LeetCode Solution: 74. Search a 2D Matrix
Dev.to · Vansh Aggarwal 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
LeetCode Solution: 74. Search a 2D Matrix
LeetCode 74: Search a 2D Matrix - Conquer the Grid with Binary Search! Hey fellow coders...
Time Series Foundation Models: A Deep Dive into Strengths and Limitations
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Time Series Foundation Models: A Deep Dive into Strengths and Limitations
What works, what doesn’t, and how to make them work beyond the hype Continue reading on Data Science Collective »
Time Series Foundation Models: A Deep Dive into Strengths and Limitations
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Time Series Foundation Models: A Deep Dive into Strengths and Limitations
What works, what doesn’t, and how to make them work beyond the hype Continue reading on Data Science Collective »
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Denoising Audio with Deep Learning (From First Principles to PyTorch)
Background noise is everywhere — fans, traffic, keyboard clicks, chatter. Yet tools like Microsoft Teams make voices sound clean in real… Continue reading on Me
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Generative AI From First Principles — Article 7 GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit)
Recap: From RNN to LSTM Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Generative AI From First Principles — Article 7 GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit)
Recap: From RNN to LSTM Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Generative AI from First Principles — Article 6 LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)
Recap: From RNNs to the Need for Better Memory Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Generative AI from First Principles — Article 6 LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)
Recap: From RNNs to the Need for Better Memory Continue reading on Medium »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
How AI Works Step by Step: A Complete Beginner's Guide
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic concept—it’s part of our everyday lives, from search engines to virtual assistants. If you’ve ever wonder
Ekstraksi “Signature Keywords” pada Review Game Steam Menggunakan PySpark & TF-IDF (Tanpa Kamus…
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Ekstraksi “Signature Keywords” pada Review Game Steam Menggunakan PySpark & TF-IDF (Tanpa Kamus…
Dalam analisis data teks (Natural Language Processing / NLP), salah satu tantangan terbesar adalah menemukan inti pembicaraan atau kata… Continue reading on Med
Machine Learning Developers: Why Most ML Projects Fail After the Model Stage
Dev.to · Dixit Angiras 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Machine Learning Developers: Why Most ML Projects Fail After the Model Stage
Training a model is easy. Getting 85–90% accuracy in a notebook? Also doable. But getting that model...
Unsupervised Machine Learning. K-Means & Hierarchical Clustering
Dev.to · Kelvin 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Unsupervised Machine Learning. K-Means & Hierarchical Clustering
Unsupervised machine learning is a branch of machine learning where models are trained on data...
They Had to Delete the Model
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
They Had to Delete the Model
When AI training data becomes a liability instead of an asset Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
From Basics to Brilliance: Building a Strong Foundation in Data Structures and Algorithms
Learning data structures and algorithms (DSA) is essential for anyone interested in computer science, software engineering, or programming… Continue reading on
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
From Basics to Brilliance: Building a Strong Foundation in Data Structures and Algorithms
Learning data structures and algorithms (DSA) is essential for anyone interested in computer science, software engineering, or programming… Continue reading on
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
From Basics to Brilliance: Building a Strong Foundation in Data Structures and Algorithms
Learning data structures and algorithms (DSA) is essential for anyone interested in computer science, software engineering, or programming… Continue reading on
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
5 Critical AI Predictive Maintenance Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
5 Critical AI Predictive Maintenance Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them Every failed AI project has a story. The predictive maintenance pilot that identified hundre
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
AI Predictive Maintenance Approaches: Comparing Methods and Tools
AI Predictive Maintenance Approaches: Comparing Methods and Tools Choosing the right approach for predictive maintenance can feel like navigating a maze of comp
AI Insights: The Hidden Challenges of Sorting Categorical Data
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
AI Insights: The Hidden Challenges of Sorting Categorical Data
Categorical data is commonly organized by human beings or machine learning models. Which approach to take and how decisions are made in… Continue reading on Med
AI Insights: The Hidden Challenges of Sorting Categorical Data
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
AI Insights: The Hidden Challenges of Sorting Categorical Data
Categorical data is commonly organized by human beings or machine learning models. Which approach to take and how decisions are made in… Continue reading on Med
Mutation Testing in .NET 10
Dev.to · Christian Alt-Wibbing 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Mutation Testing in .NET 10
Why your tests might be lying to you and how to catch them I've seen projects with 90%...
Understanding Machine Learning: A Plain-English Guide for Business Leaders
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Understanding Machine Learning: A Plain-English Guide for Business Leaders
Introduction Continue reading on Medium »
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
OMEGA: Optimizing Machine Learning by Evaluating Generated Algorithms
arXiv:2604.26211v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In order to automate AI research we introduce a full, end-to-end framework, OMEGA: Optimizing Machine learning b
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago
Apriori-based Analysis of Learned Helplessness in Mathematics Tutoring: Behavioral Patterns by Level, Intervention, and Outcome
arXiv:2604.26237v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study applied the Apriori algorithm to analyze behavioral interaction patterns associated with learned help