Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

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lessons
Skills in this topic
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ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data

Showing 1,211 reads from curated sources

Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Day 18 Part 2: Competitor Intelligence + Trend Detection + Buffer API Breakthrough
Built competitor analyzer (benchmarking 5 competitors, share-of-voice calculation, strategy pattern detection), trend detector (momentum… Continue reading on Me
I’ve Reviewed 200 Pull Requests in Rust. Here Are the 7 Mistakes That Keep Appearing.
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
I’ve Reviewed 200 Pull Requests in Rust. Here Are the 7 Mistakes That Keep Appearing.
Every one of these compiles. That is what makes them hard to catch. Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Coherence Web: Why AI Systems Reuse Certain Pathways
AI systems are not simply retrieving information anymore. They are learning which pathways reliably resolve uncertainty. Continue reading on Medium »
Complex-Step Differentiation: Derivatives Without Subtraction Errors
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Complex-Step Differentiation: Derivatives Without Subtraction Errors
A one-character change to the finite difference formula gives you machine-precision derivatives Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
NLP · Machine Learning · Data Science
Build and Explain an NLP Pipeline: From Raw Text to Machine Learning Continue reading on Medium »
What Makes Python in Data Science So Effective for Machine Learning to Improve Project Success?-IABA
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
What Makes Python in Data Science So Effective for Machine Learning to Improve Project Success?-IABA
Today, companies use data to understand what is happening in their business and what may happen next. Continue reading on Medium »
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
A Cascaded Generative Approach for e-Commerce Recommendations
arXiv:2605.11118v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personalized storefronts in large e-commerce marketplaces are often assembled from many independent components:
ArXiv cs.AI 📐 ML Fundamentals 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
RankQ: Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning via Self-Supervised Action Ranking
arXiv:2605.11151v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) improves sample efficiency by leveraging pre-collected datasets pr
So, What Is a Neural Network?
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
So, What Is a Neural Network?
Have you ever seen one of those brain animations where signals jump from one neuron to another? A few neurons light up, the signal keeps… Continue reading on Me
NeetCode 150 / Easy: Invert Binary Tree — DFS Recursion Pattern Explained (LeetCode 226)
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
NeetCode 150 / Easy: Invert Binary Tree — DFS Recursion Pattern Explained (LeetCode 226)
By Sai Pranav Moluguri Continue reading on Medium »
7 Python Libraries That Instantly Improved My Workflow
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
7 Python Libraries That Instantly Improved My Workflow
For a long time, I thought becoming better at Python meant learning harder concepts. Continue reading on Stackademic »
From Ingestion to Final Verdict: THREATRADAR’s Poisoning Detection Pipeline
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
From Ingestion to Final Verdict: THREATRADAR’s Poisoning Detection Pipeline
Welcome to the fourth article in the THREATRADAR series. We recommend reading Part 1 Design and Implementation of THREATRADAR: Open-Source… Continue reading on
Understanding Train-Test Split with a Simple London Real Estate Machine Learning Project
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Understanding Train-Test Split with a Simple London Real Estate Machine Learning Project
One of the most important concepts in machine learning is the train-test split. While many beginner projects focus heavily on advanced… Continue reading on Medi
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Speed is Easy, Numerical Parity Is the Hard Part
When I was working at RBC, I helped rewrite a legacy quantitative finance pipeline from MATLAB into Python/PySpark on Databricks. Continue reading on Medium »
How AI Can Support Early Disease Risk Detection
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
How AI Can Support Early Disease Risk Detection
Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming industries across the world, and healthcare is emerging as one of the areas with the… Continue reading on Medium
Stop Guessing: Why I Spent Years Building a Probabilistic Engine for Market Chaos
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Stop Guessing: Why I Spent Years Building a Probabilistic Engine for Market Chaos
From the secret projects of the Manhattan Project to modern XGBoost: Why the future of trading is a “Multiverse” of probabilities, not a… Continue reading on Me
TabPFN-3 is out now! A new small-tabular dataset ML leader
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
TabPFN-3 is out now! A new small-tabular dataset ML leader
For years, tabular machine learning has been dominated by gradient-boosted trees like XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. If you worked on… Continue reading on Wri
Why ‘Diesel’ Breaks Your Machine Learning Model — And How to Fix It
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Why ‘Diesel’ Breaks Your Machine Learning Model — And How to Fix It
A complete blog on Ordinal Encoding, Label Encoding, and One-Hot Encoding with real Python code. Continue reading on Medium »
AMORPHOUS NEURAL NETWORKS: THE OVER DENSE/SPARSE PARADOX AND EFFICIENCY
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
AMORPHOUS NEURAL NETWORKS: THE OVER DENSE/SPARSE PARADOX AND EFFICIENCY
Brain cells do not grow in rigid layers, why should our models? My previous article describes the ‘Dishbrain’ (lab-grown brain cells… Continue reading on Medium
MAE vs RMSE: Which Error Metric Should You Trust in Forecasting?
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
MAE vs RMSE: Which Error Metric Should You Trust in Forecasting?
Forecasting models are often judged by how accurate they appear. Continue reading on Medium »
AI Integration Services for Enterprises for Better Decision-Making | SyanSoft Technologies
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
AI Integration Services for Enterprises for Better Decision-Making | SyanSoft Technologies
Modern enterprises generate massive amounts of information every single day through customers’ interactions, operations finance, sales… Continue reading on Medi
When the Data Isn’t Certain: An Introduction to Stochastic Optimization
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
When the Data Isn’t Certain: An Introduction to Stochastic Optimization
Every optimization model assumes you know the inputs. In reality, you rarely do. Continue reading on Operations Research Bit »
Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning — Finally Explained Clearly
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning — Finally Explained Clearly
A Plain-Language Guide to Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms Continue reading on Activated Thinker »
Python Memory Management Explained: Reference Counting, Garbage Collection & Optimization
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Python Memory Management Explained: Reference Counting, Garbage Collection & Optimization
You’ve probably heard “Python handles memory automatically” — and that’s true. But automatic doesn’t mean invisible, and it definitely… Continue reading on Medi
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
The Road to Professional MLOps Engineering in 2026
In 2026, machine learning has transitioned from research-centric experimentation to the core of production systems, powering everything… Continue reading on Med
Store-Item-demand-forecasting
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Store-Item-demand-forecasting
Build an XGBoost model to predict the next 1–2 weeks of SKU-level order quantity. Continue reading on Medium »
Store-Item-demand-forecasting
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
Store-Item-demand-forecasting
Build an XGBoost model to predict the next 1–2 weeks of SKU-level order quantity. Continue reading on Medium »
PID Control : Why Robots / Self-driving Car Don’t Zigzag
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 2d ago
PID Control : Why Robots / Self-driving Car Don’t Zigzag
Imagine you’re trying to guide a self-driving car along a predefined path. The goal? Stay as close to that path as possible. But what… Continue reading on Mediu
Cosmic Pressure Mechanics: The Deterministic Formula of Dynamic Mass
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Cosmic Pressure Mechanics: The Deterministic Formula of Dynamic Mass
This research introduces Cosmic Pressure Mechanics (CPM), a deterministic physical paradigm that redefines spacetime as an Active… Continue reading on Medium »
I built a machine learning model to predict who leaves tech jobs early. The results surprised me.
The Next Web AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
I built a machine learning model to predict who leaves tech jobs early. The results surprised me.
I went into this research convinced I already knew the answer. After more than a decade in People Analytics, the last few years at Meta, I had a working theory
Towards Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Learning Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis: A Python Reproduction
How to build sentiment-aware word representations from IMDb reviews using semantic learning, star ratings, and linear SVM classification The post Learning Word
The Future Of Engineering Is Hybrid
Forbes Innovation 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
The Future Of Engineering Is Hybrid
In complex engineering environments, the real value proposition is human ingenuity together with machine precision.
Deploy a Real‑Time Object Detection API with YOLOv8 & FastAPI
Dev.to · Lich Priest 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Deploy a Real‑Time Object Detection API with YOLOv8 & FastAPI
Step‑by‑step guide to train a custom YOLOv8 model, containerize it with Docker, and serve low‑latency predictions via FastAPI
Towards Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Using Transformers to Forecast Incredibly Rare Solar Flares
How ML can change for rare events The post Using Transformers to Forecast Incredibly Rare Solar Flares appeared first on Towards Data Science .
AWS Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
How Miro uses Amazon Bedrock to boost software bug routing accuracy and improve time-to-resolution from days to hours
In this post, we dive deep into the architecture and techniques we used to improve Miro’s bug routing, achieving six times fewer team reassignments and five tim
How I Built a 3-Model ML Pipeline to Tackle Churn, CLV, and Marketing Attribution for a Bone Health…
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
How I Built a 3-Model ML Pipeline to Tackle Churn, CLV, and Marketing Attribution for a Bone Health…
A data science case study applying churn prediction, customer lifetime value modelling, and multi-touch attribution to a real-world… Continue reading on Medium
What is Graph Theory, and why should you care?
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
What is Graph Theory, and why should you care?
From graph theory to path optimization Continue reading on Medium »
Building MARS: An Adaptive Revision System Based on Memory Decay and Active Learning
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Building MARS: An Adaptive Revision System Based on Memory Decay and Active Learning
Most revision systems are fundamentally static. Continue reading on Medium »
Why Do Data Teams Use AI to Write Code but Not to Monitor Pipelines?
Dev.to · Blaine Elliott 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Why Do Data Teams Use AI to Write Code but Not to Monitor Pipelines?
dbt's 2026 State of Analytics Engineering found that 72% of data teams prioritize AI-assisted coding, but only 24% prioritize AI-assisted pipeline management. T
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
CPU vs GPU for AI: most AI applications don't need GPUs 🧠
You might be overcomplicating your deployment by assuming every AI feature requires a GPU. It is a common engineering grind to manage expensive and heavy infras
68. PCA: Shrinking Data Without Losing Information
Dev.to · Akhilesh 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
68. PCA: Shrinking Data Without Losing Information
You have 100 features. Most of them are correlated. Training is slow. Visualization is impossible....
[CryptoTradingBot] Analyzing 70 Live Trades of My Python Crypto Bot (v8.04 Post-Mortem)
Dev.to · rocketsquirreldev 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
[CryptoTradingBot] Analyzing 70 Live Trades of My Python Crypto Bot (v8.04 Post-Mortem)
I’ve been running version 8.04 of my Python-based crypto trading bot live for about a month. Instead...
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Python Basics Every Beginner Should Know — Variables
‎It’s been a while since I last posted. ‎ ‎I’ve been busy learning Python consistently behind the scenes — practicing, making mistakes… Continue reading on Medi
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
We’ve Been Stacking on the Perceptron for Sixty Years
And nobody seems to want to ask if that was the right move. Continue reading on Medium »
Towards Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
PySpark for Beginners: Mastering the Basics
A step-by-step guide to understanding distributed data, lazy logic, and your first DataFrame. The post PySpark for Beginners: Mastering the Basics appeared firs
The 70% Data-Prep Tax in AI Development (and How to Cut It in Half)
Dev.to · A3E Ecosystem 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
The 70% Data-Prep Tax in AI Development (and How to Cut It in Half)
Amershi et al. (2019) studied AI development workflows at Microsoft and reported a now-famous number:...
The Transportation Problem for Beginners
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
The Transportation Problem for Beginners
Understanding Mathematical Modeling and Implementation in Python Continue reading on Medium »
Exit Code 137: How My ML Pod Got Killed Before It Could Even Say Hello
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago
Exit Code 137: How My ML Pod Got Killed Before It Could Even Say Hello
Or, a story about Kubernetes probes, slow model loading, and why “healthy at boot” is not the same as “ready to serve.” Continue reading on Medium »