Foundations

ML Fundamentals

Neural networks, backpropagation, gradient descent — the maths behind AI

12,013
lessons
Skills in this topic
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ML Maths Basics
beginner
Manipulate vectors and matrices
Supervised Learning
beginner
Train decision trees, random forests, and neural nets
Unsupervised Learning
intermediate
Apply k-means and DBSCAN clustering
ML Pipelines
intermediate
Engineer features and handle missing data

Showing 1,241 reads from curated sources

Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Comparing Statistical and ML Forecasting on Real Sales Data
I expected machine learning models to outperform traditional forecasting on retail sales data. They didn’t. Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Comparing Statistical and ML Forecasting on Real Sales Data
I expected machine learning models to outperform traditional forecasting on retail sales data. They didn’t. Continue reading on Medium »
#5.ML vs Traditional Programming
Dev.to · Mr_WlofX 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
#5.ML vs Traditional Programming
Hey, let’s continue with the next topic. So far, we’ve understood what Machine Learning is, why it is...
AWS Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
End-to-end lineage with DVC and Amazon SageMaker AI MLflow apps
In this post, we show how to combine DVC (Data Version Control), Amazon SageMaker AI, and Amazon SageMaker AI MLflow Apps to build end-to-end ML model lineage.
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
By Dhananjay Yadav · Data Analyst II · May 2025 Continue reading on Medium »
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
RetailSense: Building an End-to-End AI Sales Forecasting Engine for Retail
By Dhananjay Yadav · Data Analyst II · May 2025 Continue reading on Medium »
Mastering Non-Linear Data: Why Splines Outperform Linear Models
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Mastering Non-Linear Data: Why Splines Outperform Linear Models
Learn how to use piece-wise polynomials and knots to build more flexible, disciplined, and accurate machine learning models. Continue reading on Code Applied »
Dev.to AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Why ML Models Break After Deployment
Many machine learning models perform great during training—but start failing once they reach production. From my recent learning in MLOps and AI testing, I’ve r
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Is Starting AI and Machine Learning in Your 30s a Smart Move?
Many people worry they missed the boat on tech. They think they are too old to learn new things. If you are in your 30s or 40s, you might… Continue reading on M
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Cloud platforms, digital twins, opponent models. An engineer’s tour of the ML stack now running professional cycling, and the four places… Continue reading on M
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
When the Peloton Became a Dataset
Cloud platforms, digital twins, opponent models. An engineer’s tour of the ML stack now running professional cycling, and the four places… Continue reading on M
How to Compare AI Models Without Getting Fooled by Benchmarks
Dev.to · BenchGecko 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
How to Compare AI Models Without Getting Fooled by Benchmarks
Every week a new model drops with a blog post claiming state of the art on some benchmark. But if you...
How Adding One Database Changed Everything: The ChEMBL Integration Story
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
How Adding One Database Changed Everything: The ChEMBL Integration Story
Sometimes the biggest improvement in an AI system comes not from a better algorithm, but from better data. Continue reading on Medium »
The PC Algorithm & Constraint-Based Discovery
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
The PC Algorithm & Constraint-Based Discovery
From Data to Causal Structure Continue reading on LICENTIA POETICA »
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Unpacking the theory, practice, and leaderboard dominance of Boosting vs. Stacking and what it means for production ML. Continue reading on Data Science Collect
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Stop Stacking Everything: When a Single XGBoost Beats Your 50‑Model Ensemble
Unpacking the theory, practice, and leaderboard dominance of Boosting vs. Stacking and what it means for production ML. Continue reading on Data Science Collect
RS-X 2.0
Dev.to · Robert Sanders 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
RS-X 2.0
RS-X is built around a simple idea: Write expressions against your model, and let updates propagate...
InfoQ AI/ML 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Article: Redesigning Banking PDF Table Extraction: A Layered Approach with Java
PDF table extraction often looks easy until it fails in production. Real bank statements can be messy, with scanned pages, shifting layouts, merged cells, and w
5 Enum Patterns in Python That Most Developers Never Use
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
5 Enum Patterns in Python That Most Developers Never Use
You’re probably still using Enums like glorified constants. Here’s what you’re missing. Continue reading on The Pythonworld »
Day 71 of Learning Java: SortedSet and NavigableSet in Java
Medium · Programming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Day 71 of Learning Java: SortedSet and NavigableSet in Java
After learning about different Set implementations, I explored two important interfaces today — SortedSet and NavigableSet. Continue reading on Medium »
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Pertanyaan pertama yang perlu ditanyakan: mana yang lebih berbahaya, FP atau FN? Continue reading on Medium »
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Bingung Pakai Precision atau Recall? Mulai dari Satu Pertanyaan Ini
Pertanyaan pertama yang perlu ditanyakan: mana yang lebih berbahaya, FP atau FN? Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Linear Algebra in Deep Learning: How it Drives Real-World Impact
Linear Algebra, as it seems — is associated with abstract mathematics — vectors, matrices, and equations that apparently disconnected from… Continue reading on
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Balancing ‌predictive ‌power ‌with privacy in insurance.
In insurance, the whole engine runs on data, and that data is personal by default. For a project with Sure Tomorrow, I looked at how… Continue reading on Medium
9 Python Concepts That Finally Made Sense Later
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
9 Python Concepts That Finally Made Sense Later
Confusing at first, obvious now. Continue reading on Stackademic »
The production failure opening is the best thing in the article — it immediately separates this…
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
The production failure opening is the best thing in the article — it immediately separates this…
Every churn tutorial starts the same way. Import pandas. Load your CSV. Fit the model. Print 0.89 accuracy. Congratulations, you’ve… Continue reading on Medium
1 — Machine Learning for Beginners, Introduction.
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
1 — Machine Learning for Beginners, Introduction.
Good morning everyone! Continue reading on Medium »
A Learnability Gap, Not a Capacity Gap: 353 Parameters vs a 3-Parameter Heuristic
Dev.to · Kit Good 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
A Learnability Gap, Not a Capacity Gap: 353 Parameters vs a 3-Parameter Heuristic
A Learnability Gap, Not a Capacity Gap What 208 benchmark runs and four experiments in a...
I Built a $0 Search Engine on Real Web Data (No Algolia or Elasticsearch)
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
I Built a $0 Search Engine on Real Web Data (No Algolia or Elasticsearch)
I got tired of grepping through JSON. So I built a local search index over live Google data using Python, Typesense, and Bright Data —… Continue reading on Pyth
TPU Mythbusting: vendor lock-in
Dev.to · Maciej Strzelczyk 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
TPU Mythbusting: vendor lock-in
Tensor Processing Units are a technology developed and owned by Google. While you can find GPUs in...
Confusion Matrix Explained Using Random Forest
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Confusion Matrix Explained Using Random Forest
When we build a machine learning model especially for classification tasks,we need a way to evaluate its performance. One of the most… Continue reading on Mediu
When Preprocessing Helps — and When It Hurts: Why Your Image Classification Model’s Accuracy Varies
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
When Preprocessing Helps — and When It Hurts: Why Your Image Classification Model’s Accuracy Varies
From 65% to 87% accuracy on CIFAR-10 using Convolutional Neural Networks — and what went wrong along the way. Continue reading on Level Up Coding »
Reddit r/learnprogramming 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Can someone without early coding or olympiad background succeed in CS?”
I just came up with a youtube video of a math question that can be solved by a 5th grade chinese student but I couldn't solve that being in 12 th grade. chinese
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Week 4, episode 2 — The Pro-Level AI Playbook Your Python Bootcamp Skipped
Master the three pillars of production deep learning: distributed data, mixed precision, and gradient accumulation. Continue reading on Medium »
Medium · LLM 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Why Deep Learning Outperformed Traditional Machine Learning
Continue reading on Medium »
Relational Knowledge Distillation in 3D Point Clouds (part 1)
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Relational Knowledge Distillation in 3D Point Clouds (part 1)
Hinton KD is output distribution distillation. It transfers what the teacher thinks about each example individually. RKD is structure… Continue reading on Mediu
Knowledge Distillation in 3D Point Clouds
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Knowledge Distillation in 3D Point Clouds
A large, cumbersome teacher model can train a smaller student model by giving it soft targets instead of only hard labels. Those soft… Continue reading on Mediu
Knowledge Distillation in 3D Point Clouds
Medium · Deep Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Knowledge Distillation in 3D Point Clouds
A large, cumbersome teacher model can train a smaller student model by giving it soft targets instead of only hard labels. Those soft… Continue reading on Mediu
Python: Errores y Excepciones
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Python: Errores y Excepciones
Nuevo día, nueva entrega. Es común cometer errores al escribir código; por ello, Python genera errores y excepciones que nos ayudan a… Continue reading on Mediu
I read 50 Python library lists so you don’t have to here are the 20 that actually matter
Medium · Python 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
I read 50 Python library lists so you don’t have to here are the 20 that actually matter
You’re still using Pandas and pip. Your competitors aren’t. Here are the 20 libraries reshaping how real Python gets written with code… Continue reading on Medi
A Novel Approach to Player Rankings in European Football
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
A Novel Approach to Player Rankings in European Football
Transforming Performance Metrics: A Deep Dive into Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Football Players Continue reading on Medium »
Lagrange Multipliers
Dev.to · Sajjad Rahman 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Lagrange Multipliers
Q1. Lagrange Multipliers What condition holds at the optimum? A. ∇f(x) = 0 B. ∇f(x) = Σ...
Optimal Decision Tree Construction
Medium · AI 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Optimal Decision Tree Construction
From Theory to Production: Mastering the Art and Science of Building Perfect Decision Trees Continue reading on Medium »
Optimal Decision Tree Construction
Medium · Data Science 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Optimal Decision Tree Construction
From Theory to Production: Mastering the Art and Science of Building Perfect Decision Trees Continue reading on Medium »
AI & Machine Learning for 5G/6G Networks using Python | TechLTEWorld
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
AI & Machine Learning for 5G/6G Networks using Python | TechLTEWorld
 New Launch — Step into the future of telecom with AI-powered 5G and upcoming 6G technologies. Designed for LTE/5G/ORAN professionals… Continue reading on Medi
Unlocking the Power of Remote Sensing with Geo-Semantic Segmentation
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Unlocking the Power of Remote Sensing with Geo-Semantic Segmentation
Remote sensing technology has rapidly transformed the way we understand and monitor the Earth. From environmental monitoring and urban… Continue reading on Medi
When Rules Run Out: The Case for Machine Learning in Systematic Trading
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
When Rules Run Out: The Case for Machine Learning in Systematic Trading
Part 1 of the series: Machine Learning for Systematic Traders Continue reading on Medium »
Support Vector Machines Explained with Geometric Intuition
Medium · Machine Learning 📐 ML Fundamentals ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago
Support Vector Machines Explained with Geometric Intuition
Welcome to another post in my ongoing machine learning adventure. This blog is part of a series where I’m diving into the world of ML —… Continue reading on Med