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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Learning Where to Look: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Robust Micro-Ultrasound Prostate Cancer Detection

arXiv:2606.30951v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Micro-ultrasound ($\mu$US) is a new, emerging, and promising imaging modality for prostate cancer (PCa) detect

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Loc2Repair: A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of File-Level Issue Localization in Repo-Level LLM Repair

arXiv:2606.30963v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Repository-grounded automated repair is often reported as a single end-to-end capability, which hides distinct

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Wait, am I Being Fair? Characterizing Deductive Stereotyping and Mitigating It with Fair-GCG

arXiv:2606.30989v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Warning: This paper contains several toxic and offensive statements. While reasoning generally improves fairne

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

OTCache: Optimal Transport for Geometry-Aware Caching in Diffusion Models

arXiv:2606.31026v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose OTCache, a training-free framework for accelerating diffusion sampling via caching schedule predict

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

LLM-Driven Personalities for Decision Making in Emergency Simulations

arXiv:2606.31038v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For virtual humans to appear believable, they must exhibit agency and spatial awareness while interacting with

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Knowledge Distillation from Large Reasoning Models to Compact Student Models: A Case Study on the John O Bryan Mathematics Competition

arXiv:2606.31048v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper investigates knowledge distillation from a large reasoning model (DeepSeek-R1) to a compact student

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

ADAPT: Attention Dynamics Alignment with Preference Tuning for Faithful MLLMs

arXiv:2606.31054v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are critically hampered by hallucination, generating content inconsis

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

When Reranking Hurts: Uncertainty-Based Gating for Few-Shot Reranking

arXiv:2606.31087v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-shot selection typically assumes that reranking retrieved examples always improves performance. We challen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

LLM-Powered Interactive Robotic Action Synthesis from Multimodal Speech, Gestures, and Music

arXiv:2606.31158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The quest for intuitive and natural human-robot interaction (HRI) remains a significant challenge in robotics.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

ComplianceGate: Classifier-Gated Multi-Tier LLM Routing for Inference in Regulated Industries

arXiv:2606.31163v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models deployed in regulated industries operate under two constraints: compliance enforcement a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Transformers as Bayesian In-Context Experimenters: Smoothness-Adaptive Efficient ATE Estimation

arXiv:2606.31184v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Adaptive experiments for average treatment effects (ATE) require randomized allocations balancing valid infere

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Gated Multi-Graph Fusion via Graph Attention Networks for Alzheimer's Disease Detection

arXiv:2606.31186v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spontaneous speech is a vital non-invasive biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), yet many systems overlook n

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Can LLMs Imagine Moral Alternatives Beyond Binary Dilemmas?

arXiv:2606.31213v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as moral advisors and agents, they need to address d

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Probing Stylistic Appropriation using Large Language Models: An Evaluation Framework for Copyright Infringement under EU Law

arXiv:2606.31250v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLM) trained on web-scale corpora generate output that may infringe copyright, yet exis

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Learning from Failure: Inference-Time Self-Improvement for Computer-Use Agents

arXiv:2606.31270v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computer-use agents, which leverage multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to operate computers and complete

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

CLIMB: Centroid-Based Hierarchical Memory for Online Continual Self-Supervised Learning

arXiv:2606.31275v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Online Continual Self-Supervised Learning (OCSSL) aims to learn representations from a continuous stream of un

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Minimizing Quantized Semantic Age of Information (QSAoI) in Foundation Model-Based Semantic Communications

arXiv:2606.31303v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The emerging techniques of semantic communications and edge computing in 6G networks necessitate a paradigm sh

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

CSO-LLM: Class Subspace Orthogonalization for Post-Training Backdoor Detection and Trigger Inversion in LLMs

arXiv:2606.31309v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While post-training backdoor detection and trigger inversion schemes have been developed for AIs used e.g. for

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Calibrating the Evaluator: Does Probability Calibration Mitigate Preference Coupling in LLM Agent Feedback Loops?

arXiv:2606.31371v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When large language model (LLM) agents adapt their behavior through evaluator feedback, systematic evaluator b

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Stage-Transition Dense Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2606.31377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning for long-horizon robotic manipulation is often limited by sparse and delayed rewards, w

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Mixture-of-Control: State-Aware Fine-Tuning for Transformer-based Models

arXiv:2606.31397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: State-based fine-tuning has emerged as a compelling alternative to weight-based adaptation for transformers, u

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Visual Semantic Entropy: Do Vision Language Models Recognize Visual Ambiguity?

arXiv:2606.31407v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models can produce confident answers on visually ambiguous inputs, resulting in biased predict

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

DA-Studio: An Agentic System for End-to-End Data Analysis

arXiv:2606.31423v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world data analysis is a multi-step process over heterogeneous inputs rather than merely producing a fina

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

UniTac: A Unified Multimodal Model for Cross-Sensor Tactile Understanding and Generation

arXiv:2606.31451v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Unified multimodal models (UMMs) have shown great promise in integrating understanding and generation across d

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Team MKC at CLPsych 2026: Capturing and Characterizing Mental Health Changes through Social Media Timeline Dynamics

arXiv:2606.31464v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have motivated their adoption across a wide range of domains,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

FinPersona-Bench: A Benchmark for Longitudinal Psychometric Stability of Autonomous Financial Agents

arXiv:2606.31522v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous financial agents initialized with explici

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

On the Convergence of Self-Improving Online LLM Alignment

arXiv:2606.31524v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Self-Improving Alignment (SAIL) algorithm addresses distribution shift by reducing a bilevel formulation o

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Mitigating Positional Leakage in 3D Masked Autoencoders for Robust Representation Learning

arXiv:2606.31570v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Masked autoencoding has emerged as a prominent paradigm for self-supervised learning on 3D point clouds, achie

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

ZEBRA: Zero-Shot Entropy-Regularized Prompt Learning for Base-to-Novel Generalization in Audio-Language Models

arXiv:2606.31587v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio-Language Models (ALMs) achieve strong zero-shot performance by aligning audio with textual class descrip

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Evil Spectra: How Optimisers can Amplify or Suppress Emergent Misalignment

arXiv:2606.31591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Emergent misalignment (EM) is a recently discovered phenomenon in LLMs where fine-tuning on a narrow misaligne

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Token-Sparse Medical Multimodal Reasoning via Dual-Stream Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2606.31599v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) combining reinforcement learning (RL) ignite remarkable progress in multimodal r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Automating Cause-Effect Specification with Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.31614v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Engineering specifications such as interlocks, alarm rationalization tables, and cause-and-effect (C&E) matric

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

A Tutorial on Autonomous Fault-Tolerant Control Using Knowledge-Grounded LLM Agents

arXiv:2606.31635v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fault recovery in process plants still relies heavily on plant operators, especially when faults fall outside

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

A Lifecycle and Application-Stack Survey of Large Language Model Vulnerabilities: Attacks, Risks, Defenses, and Open Problems

arXiv:2606.31639v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are no longer only text generators. They are increasingly embedded in retrieval pipeline

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

ShopX: A Foundation Model for Intent-to-Item Fulfillment in Agentic Shopping

arXiv:2606.31693v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The wave of AI-native applications is moving shopping beyond page- and feed-based browsing toward intent-drive

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Look But Don't Touch with Sparse Autoencoders for Unlearning in Diffusion Models

arXiv:2606.31699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have recently been proposed as interpretable tools for concept-level manipulation,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Cross-lingual Relation Extraction with Large Language Models: Zero-Shot, Few-Shot, and Fine-Tuned Evaluation on Romanian

arXiv:2606.31718v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Relation extraction (RE) for low-resource languages is typically constrained by the lack of annotated corpora.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Seeing Is Not Sharing: Some Vision-Language Models Overestimate Common Ground in Asymmetric Dialogue

arXiv:2606.31719v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In collaborative dialogue, shared perception does not guarantee shared interpretation. Mutual understanding mu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

STEB: Style Text Embedding Benchmark

arXiv:2606.31741v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While semantic embeddings are rigorously evaluated on the Massive Text Embedding Benchmark, the evaluation of

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

FedXDS: Leveraging Model Attribution Methods to counteract Data Heterogeneity in Federated Learning

arXiv:2606.31742v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Explainable AI (XAI) methods have demonstrated significant success in recent years at identifying relevant fea

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

CHERRY: Compressed Hierarchical Experts with Recurrent Representational Yield

arXiv:2606.31796v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study three complementary techniques for training compute-efficient language models. (1) Selective supervis

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Geometry-Preserving Orthonormal Initialization for Low-Rank Adaptation in RLVR

arXiv:2606.31813v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants enable parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models un

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Breaking Failure Cascades: Step-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Medical Multimodal Reasoning

arXiv:2606.31825v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent multimodal large language models have shown great promise in clinical image reasoning, but existing pos

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Real-Time Source-Free Object Detection

arXiv:2606.31834v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world detectors for autonomous driving, surveillance, and robotics must handle domain-shifts under strict

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Z-1: Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2606.31846v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a promising framework for robotic manipulation by connecting languag

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Attend, Transform, or Silence: Operator-Level Visual Skipping for Efficient Multimodal LLM Inference

arXiv:2606.31903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) increasingly process long visual-token sequences, increasing the over

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

GR2 Technical Report

arXiv:2606.31984v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Industrial recommendation systems serve billions of users through a multi-stage funnel -- retrieval, early-sta

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago

Amplifying Membership Signal Through Chained Regeneration

arXiv:2606.31991v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The tendency of large generative models to memorize training data makes sample verification critical for priva