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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

CaveAgent: Transforming LLMs into Stateful Runtime Operators

arXiv:2601.01569v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-based agents are increasingly capable of complex task execution, yet current agentic systems remain cons

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Knowing Bias, Doing Better: Mitigating Social Bias in LLMs via Know-Bias Neuron Enhancement

arXiv:2601.21864v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit social biases that reinforce harmful stereotypes, limiting their safe d

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Pushing Forward Pareto Frontiers of Proactive Agents with Behavioral Agentic Optimization

arXiv:2602.11351v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Proactive large language model (LLM) agents aim to actively plan, query, and interact over multiple turns, e

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

StackingNet: Collective Inference Across Independent AI Foundation Models

arXiv:2602.13792v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Artificial intelligence built on large foundation models has transformed language understanding, computer vi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

ProSpec RL: Plan Ahead, then Execute

arXiv:2407.21359v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Imagining potential outcomes of actions before execution helps agents make more informed decisions, a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

XRAG: eXamining the Core -- Benchmarking Foundational Components in Advanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation

arXiv:2412.15529v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) synergizes the retrieval of pertinent data with the generative ca

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

CASE-Bench: Context-Aware SafEty Benchmark for Large Language Models

arXiv:2501.14940v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is essential for their safe deployment and wid

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Ontology-Guided Reverse Thinking Makes Large Language Models Stronger on Knowledge Graph Question Answering

arXiv:2502.11491v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing. Howeve

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Distributionally Robust Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback

arXiv:2503.00539v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has evolved to be one of the main methods for fine-t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Towards Harnessing the Collaborative Power of Large and Small Models for Domain Tasks

arXiv:2504.17421v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LMs) offer broad generalization capabilities but require vast amounts of data a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Scaling Textual Gradients via Sampling-Based Momentum

arXiv:2506.00400v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM-based prompt optimization, which uses LLM-provided ``textual gradients'' (feedback) to refine prom

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Modeling Earth-Scale Human-Like Societies with One Billion Agents

arXiv:2506.12078v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding the dynamic evolution of complex social phenomena requires both high-fidelity modeling o

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Code Reasoning for Software Engineering Tasks: A Survey and A Call to Action

arXiv:2506.13932v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rise of large language models (LLMs) has led to dramatic improvements across a wide range of natur

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactions

arXiv:2507.05257v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents primarily focus on evaluating reasoning, plann

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

LLM Serving Optimization with Variable Prefill and Decode Lengths

arXiv:2508.06133v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study offline scheduling for large language model (LLM) serving under a fixed KV-cache memory budge

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Post-training for Efficient Communication via Convention Formation

arXiv:2508.06482v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Humans communicate with increasing efficiency in multi-turn interactions, by adapting their language a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

TAR: Temporal Anchor-Constrained Reasoning for Video Temporal Grounding

arXiv:2508.07683v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Video Temporal Grounding (VTG) aims to localize specific video segments corresponding to natural langu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Beyond Scaling Law: A Data-Efficient Distillation Framework for Reasoning

arXiv:2508.09883v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning capabilities in tasks such as algorithmi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

PlantExpertVQA: A Visual Question Answering Dataset for Benchmarking Vision-Language Models in Plant Science

arXiv:2508.17117v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing plant-disease datasets target classification and detection, leaving vision-language models un

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Predicting Effects, Missing Distributions: Evaluating LLMs as Human Behavior Simulators in Operations Management

arXiv:2510.03310v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human behavior in business, economics,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Are LLMs Reliable Rankers? Rank Manipulation via Two-Stage Token Optimization

arXiv:2510.06732v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as rerankers in information retrieval, yet their ra

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

CLARity: Reasoning Consistency Alone Can Teach Reinforced Experts

arXiv:2510.09278v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Training expert LLMs in domains with scarce data is difficult, often relying on multiple-choice questi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Emergence of Minimal Circuits for Indirect Object Identification in Attention-Only Transformers

arXiv:2510.25013v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse-engineer large language models (LLMs) into human-understa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Can Fine-Tuning Erase Your Edits? On the Fragile Coexistence of Knowledge Editing and Adaptation

arXiv:2511.05852v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Knowledge editing (KE) offers a lightweight alternative to retraining for updating large language mode

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Scalable Synthesis of distributed LLM workloads through Symbolic Tensor Graphs

arXiv:2511.10480v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Optimizing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on large-scale AI training and inference sy

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Skin-R1: Clinical Knowledge-Guided Dermatological Diagnosis Using Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2511.14900v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision--language models (VLMs) have recently shown promise for assisting clinical reasoning in dermato

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

ORCA: Open-ended Response Correctness Assessment for Audio Question Answering

arXiv:2512.09066v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable assessment of the abilities of large audio language models (LALMs) is essential to advancing

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Value-Action Alignment in Large Language Models under Privacy-Prosocial Conflict

arXiv:2601.03546v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate decision-making tasks involving persona

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Lost in Execution: On the Multilingual Robustness of Tool Calling in Large Language Models

arXiv:2601.05366v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents that invoke external tools through st

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

From Word Sequences to Behavioral Sequences: Adapting Modeling and Evaluation Paradigms for Longitudinal NLP

arXiv:2601.07988v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While NLP typically treats documents as independent and unordered samples, in longitudinal studies, th

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

CytoCLIP: Learning Cytoarchitectural Characteristics in Developing Human Brain Using Contrastive Language Image Pre-Training

arXiv:2601.12282v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The functions of different regions of the human brain are closely linked to their distinct cytoarchite

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Demonstration-Free Robotic Control via LLM Agents

arXiv:2601.20334v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Robotic manipulation has increasingly adopted vision-language-action (VLA) models, which achieve stron

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Assessing the Business Process Modeling Competences of Large Language Models

arXiv:2601.21787v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The creation of Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) models is a complex and time-consuming task

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Agile Reinforcement Learning through Separable Neural Architecture and Applications

arXiv:2601.23225v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly deployed in resource-constrained environments, yet go

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Test-Time Detoxification without Training or Learning Anything

arXiv:2602.02498v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models can produce toxic or inappropriate text even for benign inputs, creating risks w

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

ImprovEvolve: Basin-Hopping Meets LLM-Guided Evolutionary Search

arXiv:2602.10233v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM-guided evolutionary computation, most notably AlphaEvolve, has been remarkably successful in disco

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

General and Efficient Steering of Diffusion Models

arXiv:2602.11395v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Steering diffusion models toward conditions unseen during training typically requires either retrainin

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Mitigating the Safety-utility Trade-off in LLM Alignment via Adaptive Safe Context Learning

arXiv:2602.13562v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While reasoning models have achieved remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks, their increasing p

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

WoVR: World Models as Reliable Simulators for Post-Training VLA Policies with RL

arXiv:2602.13977v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to unlock capabilities beyond imitation learning for Vision--Lang

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Spanning the Visual Analogy Space with a Weight Basis of LoRAs

arXiv:2602.15727v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Visual analogy learning enables image editing via demonstration rather than textual description, allow

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

SOTAlign: Semi-Supervised Alignment of Unimodal Vision and Language Models via Optimal Transport

arXiv:2602.23353v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The Platonic Representation Hypothesis posits that neural networks trained on different modalities con

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Edit in 2D, Verify in 3D: Reinforcement Learning for Multi-view Consistent Scene Editing

arXiv:2603.03143v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Leveraging the priors of 2D diffusion models for 3D editing has emerged as a promising paradigm. Howev

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

The Hidden Cost of Structured Generation in LLMs: Draft-Conditioned Constrained Decoding

arXiv:2603.03305v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate executable outputs, JSON objects, and A

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Rethinking Role-Playing Evaluation: Anonymous Benchmarking and a Systematic Study of Personality Effects

arXiv:2603.03915v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in developing role-playing agents (RPAs).

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Longitudinal Lesion Inpainting in Brain MRI via 3D Region Aware Diffusion

arXiv:2603.05693v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate longitudinal analysis of brain MRI is often hindered by evolving lesions, which bias automate

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

HEARTS: Benchmarking LLM Reasoning on Health Time Series

arXiv:2603.06638v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rise of large language models (LLMs) has shifted time series analysis from narrow analytics to gen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

Feature-level Interaction Explanations in Multimodal Transformers

arXiv:2603.13326v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal Transformers often produce predictions without clarifying how different modalities jointly

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 6d ago

UniMotion: A Unified Framework for Motion-Text-Vision Understanding and Generation

arXiv:2603.22282v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present UniMotion, to our knowledge the first unified framework for simultaneous understanding and