Core AI

Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

33,432
lessons
Skills in this topic
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LLM Foundations
beginner
Explain how transformers generate text
Prompt Craft
beginner
Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts
LLM Engineering
intermediate
Call LLM APIs with function/tool use
Fine-tuning LLMs
advanced
Prepare fine-tuning datasets
Multimodal LLMs
advanced
Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding
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Your LLM Doesn’t Pick Stocks — It Remembers Them
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 44m ago
Your LLM Doesn’t Pick Stocks — It Remembers Them
The dirty secret of AI stock picking lives inside the model’s weights. Full write-up, code, and benchmarks on jiripik.com. Continue reading on Medium »
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Word Representation
Medium · NLP 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 51m ago
Word Representation
This article is a reader companion to the Word Representation chapter of the Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics. It can be read… Continue reading on M
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When Cosine Similarity Approaching Singularity in Google Search AI Mode
Medium · Data Science 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 55m ago
When Cosine Similarity Approaching Singularity in Google Search AI Mode
##Ontological Infiltration, Vector Collapse, and the Strategic Dilemma of Unified Knowledge Graphs Continue reading on Medium »
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When Cosine Similarity Approaching Singularity in Google Search AI Mode
Medium · Deep Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 55m ago
When Cosine Similarity Approaching Singularity in Google Search AI Mode
##Ontological Infiltration, Vector Collapse, and the Strategic Dilemma of Unified Knowledge Graphs Continue reading on Medium »
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When Cosine Similarity Approaching Singularity in Google Search AI Mode
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 55m ago
When Cosine Similarity Approaching Singularity in Google Search AI Mode
##Ontological Infiltration, Vector Collapse, and the Strategic Dilemma of Unified Knowledge Graphs Continue reading on Medium »
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Embeddings Simplified
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 2h ago
Embeddings Simplified
1 — What is embeddings? Continue reading on Medium »
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Comparing Sarvam-30B and Qwen2.5–14B on Spider Text-to-SQL: An Active-Parameter Perspective
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 4h ago
Comparing Sarvam-30B and Qwen2.5–14B on Spider Text-to-SQL: An Active-Parameter Perspective
A controlled comparison on the Spider benchmark, scored by execution accuracy. Active-parameter count tells you more than the number in a… Continue reading on M
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Claude Sonnet 5 closes the gap to Opus without the Opus bill
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 4h ago
Claude Sonnet 5 closes the gap to Opus without the Opus bill
Claude Sonnet 5: The New Default Worker Tier Continue reading on Medium »
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The Same Architecture Quietly Powers Claude Code, Manus, OpenAI Deep Research — And LangChain Just…
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 5h ago
The Same Architecture Quietly Powers Claude Code, Manus, OpenAI Deep Research — And LangChain Just…
Four teams, four products, zero coordination — and the same four ingredients show up in every one. Continue reading on Towards AI »
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I Asked ChatGPT to Fix My Life. It Couldn’t — Until I Changed One Thing
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 6h ago
I Asked ChatGPT to Fix My Life. It Couldn’t — Until I Changed One Thing
Everyone says AI can solve almost anything. Continue reading on Readers Club »
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AWS Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 6h ago
Introducing Claude Sonnet 5 on AWS: Anthropic’s most capable Sonnet model
Today, we’re excited to announce the availability of Anthropic’s most advanced Sonnet model, Claude Sonnet 5, on Amazon Bedrock and Claude Platform on AWS. Clau
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Claude Sonnet 5 just closed the gap with Opus
Medium · Deep Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 6h ago
Claude Sonnet 5 just closed the gap with Opus
Anthropic shipped Claude Sonnet 5 today. The short version: it’s the most agentic Sonnet model Anthropic has built, it scores close to… Continue reading on Boot
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Claude Sonnet 5 just closed the gap with Opus
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 6h ago
Claude Sonnet 5 just closed the gap with Opus
Anthropic shipped Claude Sonnet 5 today. The short version: it’s the most agentic Sonnet model Anthropic has built, it scores close to… Continue reading on Boot
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Progress for Machines, Obedience for People
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 14h ago
Progress for Machines, Obedience for People
We are told that every new technology means progress. Continue reading on Medium »
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Amazon Nova: AWS’s Bid to Turn Enterprise AI Into Cloud Infrastructure
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 14h ago
Amazon Nova: AWS’s Bid to Turn Enterprise AI Into Cloud Infrastructure
A deep dive into the Nova model family, Nova Forge, Nova Act, and why Amazon is positioning AI less as a chatbot and more as a full-stack… Continue reading on M
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LangChain Was Powerful — But PydanticAI Was the Missing Layer
Medium · Python 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 14h ago
LangChain Was Powerful — But PydanticAI Was the Missing Layer
Explore a practical, case-based comparison of LangChain and Pydantic AI that shows not just how they differ, but why many production AI… Continue reading on Med
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Stop Starting with Ollama. Build llama.cpp First, If You Really Want to Learn Local LLMs
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
Stop Starting with Ollama. Build llama.cpp First, If You Really Want to Learn Local LLMs
If you’re serious about running AI models on your own computer, skip the shortcuts for a day. Learn the foundation first. Continue reading on Coding Nexus »
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Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
Why the Same Prompt Gives Different Answers Across LLMs
Last week I ran a tiny experiment. I opened GPT and Claude side by side and typed the exact same thing into both: “Write me a tagline for… Continue reading on M
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I Wish Someone Had Shared These Five Secret Codes Much Earlier
Medium · ChatGPT 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
I Wish Someone Had Shared These Five Secret Codes Much Earlier
These simple prompt shortcuts helped me write clearer articles with far less effort. Continue reading on Medium »
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Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
How We Built a GraphRAG & Counterfactual Simulation Engine to Optimize a 2.4MWp Solar Fleet
Imagine operating a massive 2.4MWp solar power plant. Every day, millions of photovoltaic cells quietly convert sunlight into clean… Continue reading on Medium
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Medium · Data Science 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
How We Built a GraphRAG & Counterfactual Simulation Engine to Optimize a 2.4MWp Solar Fleet
Imagine operating a massive 2.4MWp solar power plant. Every day, millions of photovoltaic cells quietly convert sunlight into clean… Continue reading on Medium
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The Next AI Race Isn't About Better LLMs. It's About Better AI Systems.
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 16h ago
The Next AI Race Isn't About Better LLMs. It's About Better AI Systems.
Why Sakana AI believes the future isn't one smarter model—but many models working together. Continue reading on Medium »
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Hacker News 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 18h ago
Hand and Brain and Artificial Intelligence
Article URL: https://www.theinternationalism.org/2026/02/hand-brain-artificial-intelligence.html Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48729601 Poi
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How Does ChatGPT Understand Your Question?
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 20h ago
How Does ChatGPT Understand Your Question?
Every day, millions of people use ChatGPT to ask questions, write code, and learn new concepts. You simply type a prompt, press Send, and… Continue reading on M
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AI Update — June 30, 2026: 5 Things That Just Dropped
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 21h ago
AI Update — June 30, 2026: 5 Things That Just Dropped
Windows goes full Copilot OS, Alexa can finally buy things for you, Perplexity hits 50M, Stable Diffusion 5 is open, and Galaxy AI 3.0 is… Continue reading on A
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The Illusion of Deep Learning: Why AI Needs Brainwaves to Remember
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 21h ago
The Illusion of Deep Learning: Why AI Needs Brainwaves to Remember
Static MLPs are holding back Large Language Models. Discover how the Continuum Memory System (CMS) escapes the “Frequency Zero” trap and… Continue reading on AI
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I spent a week building a typing game with an LLM. The game was the easy part.
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 21h ago
I spent a week building a typing game with an LLM. The game was the easy part.
Reading Time: 4 minutes Continue reading on Medium »
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The Governed Agent Harness — A Pattern for Safe, Reliable LLM Applications
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 22h ago
The Governed Agent Harness — A Pattern for Safe, Reliable LLM Applications
A self-contained, domain-agnostic guide to the governed harness pattern: how to wrap a large language model in deterministic scaffolding… Continue reading on Me
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Exposing the Limitations of Google Knowledge Graph: Why AI Can Still Struggle to Recognize Human…
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Exposing the Limitations of Google Knowledge Graph: Why AI Can Still Struggle to Recognize Human…
Exposing the Limitations of Google Knowledge Graph: Why AI Can Still Struggle to Recognize Human Identity Continue reading on Medium »
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When Does HyDE Help RAG? I Tested 3 Query Types and It Failed on Two
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
When Does HyDE Help RAG? I Tested 3 Query Types and It Failed on Two
I tested HyDE Retrieval vs Standard vector search on semantic, proprietary, and keyword queries. HyDE won one and quietly made 2 worse. Continue reading on Towa
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The Mathematics of Semantic Search
Medium · DevOps 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Mathematics of Semantic Search
How a machine finds meaning: from words, through geometry, to time Continue reading on Medium »
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Google A2A Protocol in 2026: Adoption, Hype, and Reality
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Google A2A Protocol in 2026: Adoption, Hype, and Reality
A2A is not dead. It is just not universal. Continue reading on Practical LLM Systems »
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RAG na Prática: Como Construir um Sistema de Busca Inteligente com LLMs
Medium · Data Science 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
RAG na Prática: Como Construir um Sistema de Busca Inteligente com LLMs
Você já perguntou algo para um ChatGPT e recebeu uma resposta confiante e completamente errada? Esse problema tem nome: alucinação. E tem… Continue reading on M
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RAG na Prática: Como Construir um Sistema de Busca Inteligente com LLMs
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
RAG na Prática: Como Construir um Sistema de Busca Inteligente com LLMs
Você já perguntou algo para um ChatGPT e recebeu uma resposta confiante e completamente errada? Esse problema tem nome: alucinação. E tem… Continue reading on M
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RAG na Prática: Como Construir um Sistema de Busca Inteligente com LLMs
Medium · RAG 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
RAG na Prática: Como Construir um Sistema de Busca Inteligente com LLMs
Você já perguntou algo para um ChatGPT e recebeu uma resposta confiante e completamente errada? Esse problema tem nome: alucinação. E tem… Continue reading on M
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Your Brain May Know a Deepfake Before You Do
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Your Brain May Know a Deepfake Before You Do
Meta’s TRIBE v2 predicts different brain maps for real and synthetic people. Here’s where. Continue reading on Medium »
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Medium · DevOps 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
When Regex Gives Up: Using an LLM to Resolve Config Extraction Ambiguity
If you’ve ever tried to onboard a legacy application to a modern CI/CD platform, you know the real challenge isn’t writing the pipeline —… Continue reading on M
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What is fine-tuning? How the same AI becomes a doctor, a lawyer, and a customer support agent
Medium · Data Science 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
What is fine-tuning? How the same AI becomes a doctor, a lawyer, and a customer support agent
Every major AI starts as the same general model. Fine-tuning is how companies turn that into something that feels completely different… Continue reading on Medi
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What is fine-tuning? How the same AI becomes a doctor, a lawyer, and a customer support agent
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
What is fine-tuning? How the same AI becomes a doctor, a lawyer, and a customer support agent
Every major AI starts as the same general model. Fine-tuning is how companies turn that into something that feels completely different… Continue reading on Medi
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Reddit r/devops 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
LiteLLM is becoming much more than just an LLM gateway. Has anyone actually deployed its Datadog integration in production?
I've been evaluating LiteLLM's Datadog integration in a test environment, and it looks much more comprehensive than I expected. Beyond basic logging, it include
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AWS Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Pair Nova 2 Lite with Claude for cost-optimized document processing
In this post, we show how pairing Amazon Nova 2 Lite with Anthropic’s Claude Sonnet 4.6 delivers an efficient solution for digitizing scanned documents at scale
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The new gatekeeper: US controls on AI releases
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The new gatekeeper: US controls on AI releases
There is a line in OpenAI’s GPT-5.6 announcement that matters more than any benchmark in it. Continue reading on Neural Notions »
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Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
FormCoach: Building an AI-Powered Workout Form Analyzer from Video
How pose estimation, biomechanics heuristics, and LLM coaching come together in a Dockerized full-stack MVP. Continue reading on Medium »
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The Future Of AI Training Data Is Human. The Question Is How
Forbes Innovation 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
The Future Of AI Training Data Is Human. The Question Is How
A new partnership between metaverse startup VLGE and data firm Protege leverages natural human behavioral data from virtual environments to build training sets.
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Designing an AI Pipeline Without Calling GPT APIs
Medium · Machine Learning 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Designing an AI Pipeline Without Calling GPT APIs
How I built a Retrieval-Augmented Generation system for code review and resume generation — and why avoiding hosted LLMs was the right… Continue reading on Medi
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Designing an AI Pipeline Without Calling GPT APIs
Medium · Python 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Designing an AI Pipeline Without Calling GPT APIs
How I built a Retrieval-Augmented Generation system for code review and resume generation — and why avoiding hosted LLMs was the right… Continue reading on Medi
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Designing an AI Pipeline Without Calling GPT APIs
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Designing an AI Pipeline Without Calling GPT APIs
How I built a Retrieval-Augmented Generation system for code review and resume generation — and why avoiding hosted LLMs was the right… Continue reading on Medi
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Build Your Own Private ChatGPT: Local RAG App (Part 2 — Naive RAG Pipeline)
Medium · LLM 🧠 Large Language Models ⚡ AI Lesson 1d ago
Build Your Own Private ChatGPT: Local RAG App (Part 2 — Naive RAG Pipeline)
Welcome to the 2nd part of the “Build Your Own Private ChatGPT” series. In part 1, I’ve mentioned that I started this project to have a… Continue reading on Med
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