Core AI

Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Ask the World Before Acting: Budgeted Environment Probing for World-Model Calibration

arXiv:2606.31422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon language agents do not only choose actions; they carry a private model of the world from one decisi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

CDR-Bench: Evaluating Faithful Execution of Compositional, Order-Sensitive Data Refinement Recipes

arXiv:2606.31435v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Data refinement involves executing multi-step recipes over evolving text states, where both composition and exec

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

CSTrader: A Testbed for Language-Grounded Trading in a Community-Driven Virtual Asset Market

arXiv:2606.31461v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Niche asset markets, such as Counter-Strike 2 (CS2) weapon skins, are small, volatile, and heavily driven by com

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Surprise as a Signal for Plasticity and Metacognition

arXiv:2606.31495v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study a single idea across two settings: that a prediction-error signal, computed by a small predictor over t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Modality-Driven Search with Holistic Trace Judging for ARC-AGI-2

arXiv:2606.31543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models can produce fluent, internally coherent reasoning traces for abstract reasoning tasks whil

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

ACE: Pluggable Adaptive Context Elasticizer across Agents

arXiv:2606.31564v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The increasing complexity of agentic tasks has led to rapidly growing trajectory lengths, which poses significan

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Which Tokens Matter? Adaptive Token Selection for RLVR with the Relative Surprisal Index

arXiv:2606.31575v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful tool for propelling Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond imitat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Scientific Explanations in Health Sciences: Causality, Trust, and Epistemic Adequacy

arXiv:2606.31616v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely expected to transform clinical practice, yet the decision-making

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Think in English, Answer in Korean: Efficient Adaptation of Multilingual Tool-Using Agents

arXiv:2606.31648v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present LuckyStar 111B, a 111B-parameter hybrid reasoning model developed through a collaboration between Coh

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

FARS: A Fully Automated Research System Deployed at Scale

arXiv:2606.31651v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent automated research systems show that language-model agents can generate hypotheses, run experiments, and

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Arena-T2I Hard: Benchmarking and Improving Faithfulness with Dependency-Aware Checklist

arXiv:2606.31711v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Faithfulness -- how precisely a generated image aligns with its prompt -- is increasingly central to the real-wo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Evo-PI: Aligning Medical Reasoning via Evolving Principle-Guided Supervision

arXiv:2606.31800v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite recent progress, the reasoning capabilities of large multimodal language models (MLLMs) remain fundament

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

RAISE: LLM-based Automated Heuristic Design with Robust Adversary Instance Search

arXiv:2606.31801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated Heuristic Design (AHD) with Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown remarkable progress in discovering

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Large Databases Need Small, Open-Weight Language Models

arXiv:2606.31808v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language model systems built around proprietary APIs often operate on a token-based cost model. This becomes pro

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Harnessing Textual Refusal Directions for Multimodal Safety

arXiv:2606.31876v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: To improve safety in Large Language Models (LLMs) we can either perform post-training alignment or exploit refus

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Self-Study Reconsidered: The Hidden Fragility of Learning from Self-Generated QA

arXiv:2606.32002v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models are increasingly taught from synthetic question--answer (QA) supervision: a model generates ques

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

The Consistency Dilemma in LLMs: Generator-Evaluator Agreement and Vulnerability to Mistakes

arXiv:2606.30653v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly deployed in agentic pipelines that depend on the model evaluating its o

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

ELEVATE: Designing Human-Centered GenAI Virtual Tutors for Scalable and Inclusive Education

arXiv:2606.30662v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The advent of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), and in particular Large Language Models (LLMs), is r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Emergent Culture in Minimal LLM Systems

arXiv:2606.30668v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: What happens when LLM agents operate with no context outside a turn, minimal prompting, and simple tools? Insp

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Listening Between the Lines: Joint Learning of ASR Embeddings and LLM-Augmented Linguistics for Dementia Detection

arXiv:2606.30675v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Early detection of dementia through speech analysis offers a non-invasive screening alternative, but capturing

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

ALM2Vec: Learning Audio Embeddings for Universal Audio Retrieval with Large Audio-Language Models

arXiv:2606.30682v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in language--audio retrieval have been largely driven by contrastive dual-encoder architecture

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

A Coherence Law for Trainability in Noisy Equivariant Quantum Neural Networks

arXiv:2606.30688v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Symmetry provides a quantum neural network structure, but on its own it does not keep the network trainable on

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Citation Discipline in Spec-Driven Development: A Cross-Model Empirical Study of Output Determinism and Automated Hallucination Detection in LLM-Generated Code

arXiv:2606.30689v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spec-Driven Development (SDD) frameworks guide Large Language Model (LLM)-powered code generation through form

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

BEST-RQ-2: Contextualize-Then-Predict, a Two-Step Approach for Self-Supervised Audio Representations

arXiv:2606.30700v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-supervised learning enables audio representations that transfer across domains and tasks. We present BEST

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Why Do Few-Step Text Latents Fail When Image Latents Work? Non-Commitment at Sharp Categorical Readouts

arXiv:2606.30705v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deterministic few-step generation succeeds on continuous image latents but collapses to incoherent text on con

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Hierarchical Global Attention (HGA)

arXiv:2606.30709v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hierarchical Global Attention (HGA) is a drop-in replacement for dense causal attention in pretrained long-con

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

A Single Rewrite Suffices: Empirical Lessons from Production Skill Description Optimization

arXiv:2606.30775v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Enterprise AI agents route user queries to specialized skills by matching queries against natural language ski

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Detecting Audio Deepfakes on the Edge:Lightweight SSL-Based Detection in a Browser Plugin

arXiv:2606.30780v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio deepfakes are a growing challenge for the general public, as well as for journalists and fact-checkers.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Security--Fidelity Tradeoffs: The Hidden Cost of Prompt Injection Defense

arXiv:2606.30783v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We identify a security-fidelity tradeoff in defending LLMs against indirect prompt injection: defenses resist

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Indi-RomCoM: Code-Mixed Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Romanized Indic-English Instructions

arXiv:2606.30790v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Romanized Code Mixing (RCM), where bilingual speakers fluidly blend local languages with English in Roman scri

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

When transformers learn "impossible" languages, what do they learn?

arXiv:2606.30815v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent work suggests that transformer language models show a bias towards human languages over unnatural ("imp

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

AI-Generated PowerShell Malware: An Experimental Framework and Dataset

arXiv:2606.30819v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative AI has emerged as a significant cybersecurity threat, with several recent attack campaigns leveragi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Test-Time Verification for Text-to-SQL via Outcome Reward Models

arXiv:2606.30851v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Improving the reliability of large language models (LLMs) at inference time is a central challenge in structur

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

The Label Imitation Game: Turing Test Network for Zero-Shot Pseudo-Label Pruning

arXiv:2606.30875v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Foundation model pseudo-labeling - labeling data strictly via zero-shot inference - enables massive scale, but

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Training Therapeutic Judges and Multi-Agent Systems for Human-Aligned Mental Health Support

arXiv:2606.30887v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models show promise for mental health support, yet therapeutic quality improves only when evalu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Curvature-Guided Module Localization for Low-Rank Detoxification of Backdoored Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.30899v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to large language models (LLMs) by causing otherwise benign systems to

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

How Human Feedback Shapes AI-generated Community Notes

arXiv:2606.30905v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Community Notes, a bridging-based crowd-sourced fact-checking system, has emerged as a new mechanism for moder

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Behavior Cloning is Not All You Need: The Optimality of On-Policy Distillation for Noisy Expert Feedback

arXiv:2606.30923v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Imitation Learning is a natural framework for learning in sequential decision-making systems and has emerged a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Learning Where to Look: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Robust Micro-Ultrasound Prostate Cancer Detection

arXiv:2606.30951v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Micro-ultrasound ($\mu$US) is a new, emerging, and promising imaging modality for prostate cancer (PCa) detect

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Loc2Repair: A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of File-Level Issue Localization in Repo-Level LLM Repair

arXiv:2606.30963v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Repository-grounded automated repair is often reported as a single end-to-end capability, which hides distinct

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Wait, am I Being Fair? Characterizing Deductive Stereotyping and Mitigating It with Fair-GCG

arXiv:2606.30989v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Warning: This paper contains several toxic and offensive statements. While reasoning generally improves fairne

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

OTCache: Optimal Transport for Geometry-Aware Caching in Diffusion Models

arXiv:2606.31026v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose OTCache, a training-free framework for accelerating diffusion sampling via caching schedule predict

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

LLM-Driven Personalities for Decision Making in Emergency Simulations

arXiv:2606.31038v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For virtual humans to appear believable, they must exhibit agency and spatial awareness while interacting with

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

Knowledge Distillation from Large Reasoning Models to Compact Student Models: A Case Study on the John O Bryan Mathematics Competition

arXiv:2606.31048v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper investigates knowledge distillation from a large reasoning model (DeepSeek-R1) to a compact student

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

ADAPT: Attention Dynamics Alignment with Preference Tuning for Faithful MLLMs

arXiv:2606.31054v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are critically hampered by hallucination, generating content inconsis

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

When Reranking Hurts: Uncertainty-Based Gating for Few-Shot Reranking

arXiv:2606.31087v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-shot selection typically assumes that reranking retrieved examples always improves performance. We challen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

LLM-Powered Interactive Robotic Action Synthesis from Multimodal Speech, Gestures, and Music

arXiv:2606.31158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The quest for intuitive and natural human-robot interaction (HRI) remains a significant challenge in robotics.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 17h ago

ComplianceGate: Classifier-Gated Multi-Tier LLM Routing for Inference in Regulated Industries

arXiv:2606.31163v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models deployed in regulated industries operate under two constraints: compliance enforcement a