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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Bifocal Diffusion Language Models: Asymmetric Bidirectional Context for Parallel Generation

arXiv:2606.27732v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) recover masked tokens in parallel, offering significant speedups ov

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

KG2Cypher: Data-Centric Pipeline for Building Enterprise Text-to-Cypher Systems

arXiv:2606.27742v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Enterprise Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are increasingly used for internal search, analytics, and question answering

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

End-to-End Dynamic Sparsity for Resource-Adaptive LLM Inference

arXiv:2606.27743v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) inference is typically deployed under a static resource assumption, where models

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Flexformer: Flexible Linear Transformer with Learnable Attention Kernel

arXiv:2606.27748v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transformer models rely on attention mechanism to capture long-range dependencies but suffer from quadratic co

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Drop-Then-Recovery: How Redundant Are Vision-Language-Action Models?

arXiv:2606.27755v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable instruction-driven robotic manipulation, but they inherit oversized

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Output-Space Allocation Costs for Calibration-Guided LLM Compression: An Empirical Study

arXiv:2606.27785v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training-free compression methods for large language models (LLMs) often use calibration data to guide compres

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

SHIFT: Gate-Modulated Activation Steering for Knowledge Conflict Mitigation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

arXiv:2606.27786v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating external knowledge to support response gen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

NLL-Guided Full-Attention Layer Selection for Training-Free Sliding-Window Adaptation

arXiv:2606.27791v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hybrid attention models that mix full and sliding-window attention across layers offer a promising approach to

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Position Bias Correction is Insufficient for One-Pass Attention Sorting

arXiv:2606.27793v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-context language models suffer from position bias, where information in middle positions is underutilized

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Optimizing Teacher-Student Partitioning for Scalable Knowledge Distillation on HPC Systems

arXiv:2606.27797v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge Distillation (KD) enables training smaller student models under the guidance of larger teacher model

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

WattLayer: Get Layers Right to Estimate Inference Energy of Neural Networks

arXiv:2606.27841v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to increasing concerns about energy consumptio

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

A Study of Temporal Fusion Strategies for Named Entity Recognition in Historical Texts

arXiv:2606.27881v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Temporal variation poses a unique challenge for named entity recognition (NER) in historical texts, where enti

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Triadic Werewolf: A Jester Role for Multi-Hop Theory of Mind in LLMs

arXiv:2606.27909v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Theory-of-mind evaluations of large language models typically use dyadic social-deduction games, where every o

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Reflect-R1: Evidence-Driven Reflection for Self-Correction in Long Video Understanding

arXiv:2606.27922v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current multimodal reflection mechanisms for long video understanding predominantly rely on closed-loop self-r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

VASAE: Naming SAE Dictionary Directions with Vocabulary-Aligned Anchoring

arXiv:2606.27941v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) provide useful decompositions of Transformer residual streams, but their learned fe

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

From Black-Box to Clinical Insight: A Multi-Stage Explainable Framework for Speech-Based Cognitive Impairment Detection

arXiv:2606.27973v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speech-based cognitive impairment detection offers a noninvasive, accessible alternative to costly biomarker a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

ProMSA:Progressive Multimodal Search Agents for Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering

arXiv:2606.27974v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA) requires models to combine image understanding with externa

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

SHARD: cell-keyed residual splitting for alignment-resistant private dense retrieval

arXiv:2606.27976v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Dense embeddings underpin semantic search and RAG, yet a leaked vector store hands much of the underlying text

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Can LLMs Judge Better Than They Generate? Evaluating Task Asymmetry, Mechanistic Interpretability and Transferability for In-Context QA

arXiv:2606.28050v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-as-a-Judge and self-evaluation pipelines implicitly assume that evaluation is easier than generation. We t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

MultiHashFormer: Hash-based Generative Language Models

arXiv:2606.28057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Language models (LMs) represent tokens using embedding matrices that scale linearly with the vocabulary size.

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Single and Multi Truth Data Fusion using Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.28062v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data fusion, also known as truth discovery, is a data integration problem that aims to determine the correct v

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

OperatorSHAP: Fast and Accurate Shapley Value Estimation for Neural Operators

arXiv:2606.28065v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Understanding model predictions is essential for physical applications, where outputs often inform safety-crit

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

OSOR: One-Step Diffusion Inpainting for Effect-Aware Object Removal

arXiv:2606.28094v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world object removal is challenging due to two key difficulties: the target object's non-local effects, s

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

From Tokens to States: LLMs as a Special Case of World Models and the Continuous Path Beyond

arXiv:2606.28127v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The AI community has framed the relationship between large language models (LLMs) and world models as a dichot

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Beyond Sparse Supervision: Diffusion-Guided Learning for Few-Shot Graph Fraud Detection

arXiv:2606.28134v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graph-based fraud detection is essential for safeguarding large-scale transaction systems, where undetected an

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Robust Harmful Features Under Jailbreak Attacks: Mechanistic Evidence from Attention Head Specialization in Large Language Models

arXiv:2606.28153v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Jailbreak attacks bypass LLM safety alignment, yet their mechanisms remain poorly understood. We provide evide

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

LLawCo: Learning Laws of Cooperation for Modeling Embodied Multi-Agent Behavior

arXiv:2606.28182v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Embodied agents operating in decentralized and partially observable environments have attracted growing attent

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Cognitive Episodes in LLM Reasoning Traces Enable Interpretable Human Item Difficulty Prediction

arXiv:2606.28186v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting human item difficulty is central to educational assessment, where reliable estimates support fairne

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

HAT-4D: Lifting Monocular Video for 4D Multi-Object Interactions via Human-Agent Collaboration

arXiv:2606.28215v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Extracting dynamic 4D object interactions from massive, in-the-wild monocular videos offers a highly efficient

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Exposure Bias Can Alleviate Itself via Directional and Frequency Rectification in Flow Matching

arXiv:2606.28226v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Flow Matching (FM) has achieved remarkable generative performance, yet it suffers from exposure bias due to di

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

"Generate" the Future of Work through AI: Empirical Evidence from Online Labor Markets

arXiv:2308.05201v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM)-based generative AI systems are general-purpose tools capable of augmenting or ev

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Prediction Using Transformer

arXiv:2511.02340v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects nearly 10\% of the global population and often progresses to end-stage

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Towards Benign Memory Forgetting for Selective Multimodal Large Language Model Unlearning

arXiv:2511.20196v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can inadvertently memorize privacy-sensitive information during tra

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Health-ORSC-Bench: A Benchmark for Measuring Over-Refusal and Safety Completion in Health Context

arXiv:2601.17642v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Safety alignment in Large Language Models is critical for healthcare; however, reliance on binary refusal bo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Just Ask: Curious Code Agents Reveal System Prompts in Frontier LLMs

arXiv:2601.21233v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Autonomous code agents built on large language models are reshaping software and AI development through tool

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

CausalFlip: A Benchmark for LLM Causal Judgment Beyond Semantic Matching

arXiv:2602.20094v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) witness increasing deployment in complex, high-stakes decision-making scenar

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

ReFreeKV: Towards Threshold-Free KV Cache Compression

arXiv:2502.16886v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: To reduce memory consumption during LLM inference, a handful of methods have been proposed for KV cach

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

DMind Benchmark: Toward a Holistic Assessment of LLM Capabilities across the Web3 Domain

arXiv:2504.16116v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The Web3 ecosystem, underpinned by cryptographic primitives and decentralized consensus, represents a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

SIDA: Synthetic Image Driven Zero-shot Domain Adaptation

arXiv:2507.18632v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Zero-shot domain adaptation is a method for adapting a model to a target domain without utilizing targ

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Ranking Before Serving: Low-Latency LLM Serving via Pairwise Learning-to-Rank

arXiv:2510.03243v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Efficient scheduling of large language model (LLM) inference tasks is critical for achieving low laten

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

MetaBreak: Jailbreaking Online LLM Services via Special Token Manipulation

arXiv:2510.10271v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unlike regular tokens derived from existing text corpora, special tokens are artificially created to a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Hybrid Fact-Checking that Integrates Knowledge Graphs, Large Language Models, and Search-Based Retrieval Agents Improves Interpretable Claim Verification

arXiv:2511.03217v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) excel in generating fluent utterances but can lack reliable grounding in

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Trust Region Masking for Long-Horizon LLM Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2512.23075v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Policy gradient methods for Large Language Models optimize a policy $\pi_\theta$ via a surrogate objec

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Psychometric Comparability of LLM-Based Digital Twins

arXiv:2601.14264v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) act as digital twins for human respondents, yet their psychometric compar

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Can Generative Artificial Intelligence Survive Data Contamination? Theoretical Guarantees under Contaminated Recursive Training

arXiv:2602.16065v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content proliferates, models are increasingly trained on the

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

Measuring the Redundancy of Decoder Layers in SpeechLLMs

arXiv:2603.05121v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Speech Large Language Models route speech encoder representations into an LLM decoder that typically a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

EXPLORE-Bench: Egocentric Scene Prediction with Long-Horizon Reasoning

arXiv:2603.09731v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly considered as a foundation for embodied agen

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 1w ago

HiMu: Hierarchical Multimodal Frame Selection for Long Video Question Answering

arXiv:2603.18558v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-form video question answering requires reasoning over extended temporal contexts, making frame se