Core AI

Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

URSA: The Universal Research and Scientific Agent

arXiv:2506.22653v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have moved far beyond their initial form as simple chatbots, now carrying out c

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

MedGemma Technical Report

arXiv:2507.05201v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in healthcare applications, but its training and depl

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Multiplayer Nash Preference Optimization

arXiv:2509.23102v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as the standard paradigm for aligning large la

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

DeepSearch: Overcome the Bottleneck of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards via Monte Carlo Tree Search

arXiv:2509.25454v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Although RLVR has become an essential component for developing advanced reasoning skills in language models,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Hypothesis-Driven Feature Manifold Analysis in LLMs via Supervised Multi-Dimensional Scaling

arXiv:2510.01025v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The linear representation hypothesis states that language models (LMs) encode concepts as directions in thei

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

TS-Agent: Understanding and Reasoning Over Raw Time Series via Iterative Insight Gathering

arXiv:2510.07432v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong symbolic and compositional reasoning, yet they struggle with tim

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

DRIFT: Decompose, Retrieve, Illustrate, then Formalize Theorems

arXiv:2510.10815v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Automating the formalization of mathematical statements for theorem proving remains a major challenge for La

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Toward Virtuous Reinforcement Learning: A Critique and Roadmap

arXiv:2512.04246v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper critiques common patterns in machine ethics for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and argues for a virt

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

RL-VLA$^3$: A Flexible and Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for VLA Training

arXiv:2602.05765v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a critical paradigm for post-training Vision-Language-Action (VLA

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Emergent Introspection in AI is Content-Agnostic

arXiv:2603.05414v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Introspection is a foundational cognitive ability, but its mechanism is not well understood. Recent work has

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

AgentHER: Hindsight Experience Replay for LLM Agent Trajectory Relabeling

arXiv:2603.21357v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM agents fail on the majority of real-world tasks -- GPT-4o succeeds on fewer than 15% of WebArena navigat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

ThinkTwice: Jointly Optimizing Large Language Models for Reasoning and Self-Refinement

arXiv:2604.01591v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce ThinkTwice, a simple two-phase framework that jointly optimizes LLMs to solve reasoning problem

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Sim-CLIP: Unsupervised Siamese Adversarial Fine-Tuning for Robust and Semantically-Rich Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2407.14971v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) rely heavily on pretrained vision encoders to support downstream tasks s

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

TransAgent: Enhancing LLM-Based Code Translation via Fine-Grained Execution Alignment

arXiv:2409.19894v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Code translation transforms code between programming languages while preserving functionality, which i

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Cobblestone: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach for Automating Formal Verification

arXiv:2410.19940v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Formal verification using proof assistants, such as Coq, is an effective way of improving software qua

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

From Cool Demos to Production-Ready FMware: Core Challenges and a Technology Roadmap

arXiv:2410.20791v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid expansion of foundation models (FMs), such as large language models (LLMs), has given rise t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Aligned Vector Quantization for Edge-Cloud Collabrative Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2411.05961v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision Language Models (VLMs) are central to Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems and are typically

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Retrieval Augmented Time Series Forecasting

arXiv:2411.08249v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a central component of modern LLM systems, particularly in sce

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

ENTER: Event Based Interpretable Reasoning for VideoQA

arXiv:2501.14194v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we present ENTER, an interpretable Video Question Answering (VideoQA) system based on e

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

LongSpec: Long-Context Lossless Speculative Decoding with Efficient Drafting and Verification

arXiv:2502.17421v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) can now process extremely long contexts, efficient inference over thes

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Hedging and Non-Affirmation: Quantifying LLM Alignment on Questions of Human Rights

arXiv:2502.19463v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Hedging and non-affirmation are behaviors exhibited by large language models (LLMs) that limit the cle

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

NativQA Framework: Enabling LLMs and VLMs with Native, Local, and Everyday Knowledge

arXiv:2504.05995v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) raises concerns about cultural bias, fairness, and

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Phonetic Perturbations Reveal Tokenizer-Rooted Safety Gaps in LLMs

arXiv:2505.14226v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Safety-aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to digital phenomena like textese that introduce non-canonical p

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Synthesis of discrete-continuous quantum circuits with multimodal diffusion models

arXiv:2506.01666v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Efficiently compiling quantum operations remains a major bottleneck in scaling quantum computing. Toda

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

HeartcareGPT: A Unified Multimodal ECG Suite for Dual Signal-Image Modeling and Understanding

arXiv:2506.05831v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Although electrocardiograms (ECG) play a dominant role in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment, thei

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

A Survey of Continual Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2506.21872v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an important machine learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Enhancing Hallucination Detection via Future Context

arXiv:2507.20546v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to generate plausible text on online platforms, without r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

LifeAlign: Lifelong Alignment for Large Language Models with Memory-Augmented Focalized Preference Optimization

arXiv:2509.17183v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Alignment plays a crucial role in Large Language Models (LLMs) in aligning with human preferences on a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

A State-Update Prompting Strategy for Efficient and Robust Multi-turn Dialogue

arXiv:2509.17766v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with information forgetting and inefficiency in long-horizon, mu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Dissecting Transformers: A CLEAR Perspective towards Green AI

arXiv:2510.02810v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant environmental concerns. Unli

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Reveal-to-Revise: Explainable Bias-Aware Generative Modeling with Multimodal Attention

arXiv:2510.12957v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present an explainable, bias-aware generative framework that unifies cross-modal attention fusion,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Unlocking the Potential of Diffusion Language Models through Template Infilling

arXiv:2510.13870v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Language Mo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Knowledge Reasoning Language Model: Unifying Knowledge and Language for Inductive Knowledge Graph Reasoning

arXiv:2510.13909v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Inductive Knowledge Graph Reasoning (KGR) aims to discover facts in open-domain KGs containing unknown

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

RLAIF-SPA: Structured AI Feedback for Semantic-Prosodic Alignment in Speech Synthesis

arXiv:2510.14628v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis have achieved near-human speech quality in neutral s

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Fairness Evaluation and Inference Level Mitigation in LLMs

arXiv:2510.18914v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models often display undesirable behaviors embedded in their internal representations,

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Routing-Based Continual Learning for Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv:2511.01831v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with continual learning, often suffering from catast

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Developing and Evaluating a Large Language Model-Based Automated Feedback System Grounded in Evidence-Centered Design for Supporting Physics Problem Solving

arXiv:2512.10785v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Generative AI offers new opportunities for individualized and adaptive learning, e.g., through large l

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Automatic Replication of LLM Mistakes in Medical Conversations

arXiv:2512.20983v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated in clinical settings using multi-dimensional r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

PhyAVBench: A Challenging Audio Physics-Sensitivity Benchmark for Physically Grounded Text-to-Audio-Video Generation

arXiv:2512.23994v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Text-to-audio-video (T2AV) generation is central to applications such as filmmaking and world modeling

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Mechanistic Knobs in LLMs: Retrieving and Steering High-Order Semantic Features via Sparse Autoencoders

arXiv:2601.02978v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent work in Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) has enabled the identification and intervention of in

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

IBISAgent: Reinforcing Pixel-Level Visual Reasoning in MLLMs for Universal Biomedical Object Referring and Segmentation

arXiv:2601.03054v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent research on medical MLLMs has gradually shifted its focus from image-level understanding to fin

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Illusions of Confidence? Diagnosing LLM Truthfulness via Neighborhood Consistency

arXiv:2601.05905v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world settings, correctness alone is

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Frame of Reference: Addressing the Challenges of Common Ground Representation in Situational Dialogs

arXiv:2601.09365v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Common ground plays a critical role in situated spoken dialogs, where interlocutors must establish and

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

WISP: Waste- and Interference-Suppressed Distributed Speculative LLM Serving at the Edge via Dynamic Drafting and SLO-Aware Batching

arXiv:2601.11652v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly accessible to end users, an ever-growing number of

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Why Can't I Open My Drawer? Mitigating Object-Driven Shortcuts in Zero-Shot Compositional Action Recognition

arXiv:2601.16211v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Zero-Shot Compositional Action Recognition (ZS-CAR) requires recognizing novel verb-object combination

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

QUASAR: A Universal Autonomous System for Atomistic Simulation and a Benchmark of Its Capabilities

arXiv:2602.00185v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The integration of large language models (LLMs) into materials science offers a transformative opportu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

Do Schwartz Higher-Order Values Help Sentence-Level Human Value Detection? A Study of Hierarchical Gating and Calibration

arXiv:2602.00913v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Human value detection from single sentences is a sparse, imbalanced multi-label task. We study whether

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 2w ago

MedXIAOHE: A Comprehensive Recipe for Building Medical MLLMs

arXiv:2602.12705v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present MedXIAOHE, a medical vision-language foundation model designed to advance general-purpose m