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Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Input Pathways Shape Few-Shot, Not Zero-Shot, Binding in Tiny Transformers: A Fully-Enumerable Study

arXiv:2607.04926v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: How does the way information reaches a transformer -- as symbolic tokens, a clean per-factor "oracle" code, or

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

LLM for the development of FCM

arXiv:2607.04983v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This article is about the development of a fuzzy cognitive map using a local large language model. In the ligh

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

ImputeECG: Deep Learning Reconstruction of Complete 12-Lead Electrocardiograms from Incomplete Recordings for Cardiac Assessment

arXiv:2607.05009v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Complete digital 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) are essential for AI-enabled cardiovascular assessment, yet

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Your Agent's Memories Are Not Its Own: Forged Reasoning Attacks on LLM Agent Memory and Defenses

arXiv:2607.05029v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Persistent memory has enabled large language model (LLM) agents to store factual knowledge, prior decisions, r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

LLM-Based Test Oracles: Source-of-Authority Taxonomy -- A Systematic Literature Review

arXiv:2607.05031v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to produce test oracles, the part of a test that decides wh

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Beyond Independent Labels: Schwartz-Geometry Decoding for Human Value Detection

arXiv:2607.05052v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Human value detection is commonly formulated as sentence-level multi-label classification over the 19 refined

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Grokking Is Conditional and Fragile: A Fully-Tractable, Multi-Seed Study at 12K Parameters

arXiv:2607.05104v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Grokking -- the delayed onset of generalization long after a network has fit its training set - -is usually st

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Localized LoRA-MoE: Block-wise Low-Rank Experts With Adaptive Routing

arXiv:2607.05114v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) and high-dimensional perception networks increasingly rely on parameter-efficient

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Unified Audio Intelligence Without Regressing on Text Intelligence

arXiv:2607.05196v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio intelligence involves understanding, reasoning about, and generating both audio and speech. In this work

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Noisy-Channel Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding

arXiv:2607.05198v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding yields more robust and higher-quality text generation than maximum a posteri

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

ProPS: Prompted Profile Synthesis for Natural Language-Conditioned Speaker Embedding Distributions

arXiv:2607.05276v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speaker embeddings, or x-vectors, are widely used to represent speaker identity and speaker-related attributes

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

TREK: Distill to Explore, Reinforce to Refine

arXiv:2607.05339v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is effective when the current policy already samples useful reasonin

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Selective Disclosure Watermarking for Large Language Models

arXiv:2607.05353v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Watermarking methods embed imperceptible and verifiable signals into text generated by large language models (

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models

arXiv:2607.05365v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Streaming speech-to-speech language models aim to answer spoken queries directly with synthetic speech. Howeve

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

AI's Blind Spots: Geographic Knowledge and Diversity Deficit in Generated Urban Scenario

arXiv:2506.16898v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion-based text-to-image models are increasingly used for urban analysis and scenario generation, but t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

A Technical Survey of Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Large Language Models

arXiv:2507.04136v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This survey offers a comprehensive foundation on the integration of RL with language models, highlighting pr

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Activation-Deactivation: A General Framework for Robust Post-hoc Explainable AI

arXiv:2510.01038v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Perturbation-based explainability methods face criticism due to their reliance on out-of-distribution mutant

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

RLIE: Rule Generation with Logistic Regression, Iterative Refinement, and Evaluation for Large Language Models

arXiv:2510.19698v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) can propose rules in natural language, sidestepping the need for a predefined p

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

The Language of Bargaining: Linguistic Effects in LLM Negotiations

arXiv:2601.04387v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Negotiation is a core component of social intelligence, requiring agents to balance strategic reasoning, coo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

OpenTinker: Separating Concerns in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2601.07376v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce \textsc{OpenTinker}, an open infrastructure for training large language model (LLM) agents with

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Programming over Thinking: Efficient and Robust Multi-Constraint Planning

arXiv:2601.09097v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-constraint planning involves identifying, evaluating, and refining candidate plans while satisfying mu

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Framework of Thoughts: A Foundation Framework for Dynamic and Optimized Reasoning based on Chains, Trees, and Graphs

arXiv:2602.16512v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prompting schemes such as Chain of Thought, Tree of Thoughts, and Graph of Thoughts can significantly enhanc

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Exploring Plan Space through Conversation: An Agentic Framework for LLM-Mediated Explanations in Planning

arXiv:2603.02070v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: When automating plan generation for a real-world sequential decision problem, the goal is often not to repla

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Correlation-Weighted Multi-Reward Optimization for Compositional Generation

arXiv:2603.18528v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-to-image models produce images that align well with natural language prompts, but compositional generat

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

A Transformer-Based Contrastive Learning Approach for Few-Shot Sign Language Recognition

arXiv:2204.02803v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sign language recognition from monocular video or 2D pose sequences is challenging, both because 3D in

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

CausalChaos! Dataset for Comprehensive Causal Action Question Answering Over Longer Causal Chains Grounded in Dynamic Visual Scenes

arXiv:2404.01299v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Causal video question answering (QA) has garnered increasing interest, yet existing datasets often lac

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

MambaCapsule: Towards Transparent Cardiac Disease Diagnosis with Electrocardiography Using Mamba Capsule Network

arXiv:2407.20893v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmia, a condition characterized by irregular heartbeats, often serves as an early indica

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Saving GPU Hours in LLM Inference System Development and Online Workloads with Simulation and DBMS-Inspired Cache Replacement Policies

arXiv:2411.07447v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLMs are increasingly used world-wide from daily tasks to agentic systems and data analytics, requirin

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Code Benchmarks Should Prioritize Rigor, Reliability, and Reproducibility

arXiv:2501.10711v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Code-related benchmarks play a critical role in evaluating large language models (LLMs), yet their qua

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Evaluating LLM-Based Regression Test Generation

arXiv:2501.11086v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown tremendous promise in automated software engineering. In this

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Evolutionary Guided Decoding: Iterative Value Refinement for LLMs

arXiv:2503.02368v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While guided decoding, especially value-guided methods, has emerged as a cost-effective alternative fo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Using Mechanistic Interpretability to Craft Adversarial Attacks against Large Language Models

arXiv:2503.06269v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional white-box methods for creating adversarial perturbations against LLMs typically rely only

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Explainable Bayesian deep learning through input-skip Latent Binary Bayesian Neural Networks

arXiv:2503.10496v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modeling natural phenomena with artificial neural networks (ANNs) often provides highly accurate predi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Empirical Computation: Prompting versus Programming

arXiv:2503.10954v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents can solve *any* computational problem *without* an algorithm in a ru

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Prima.cpp: Fast 30-70B LLM Inference on Heterogeneous and Low-Resource Home Clusters

arXiv:2504.08791v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: On-device inference offers privacy, offline use, and instant response, but consumer hardware restricts

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

GenShin: Guiding Rational Liposome Design by Ranking Liposomal Protein Corona through a Docking-Pose-Free GNN

arXiv:2504.13853v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Rational design of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for tissue-specific delivery critically depends on predi

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Exploring Context-aware and LLM-driven Locomotion for Immersive Virtual Reality

arXiv:2504.17331v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Locomotion plays a crucial role in shaping the user experience within virtual reality environments. In

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Leveraging Natural Language Processing to Unravel the Mystery of Life: A Review of NLP Approaches in Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics

arXiv:2506.02212v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Natural Language Processing (NLP) has transformed various fields beyond linguistics by applying techni

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

InverseScope: Scalable Activation Inversion for Interpreting Large Language Models

arXiv:2506.07406v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding the internal representations of large language models (LLMs) is a central challenge in i

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

ELBO-T2IAlign: A Generic ELBO-Based Method for Calibrating Pixel-level Text-Image Alignment in Diffusion Models

arXiv:2506.09740v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models excel at image generation. Recent studies have shown that these models not only gener

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Structured Prompting and Automated Evaluation in Fixed Synthetic Japanese-Language Counseling Dialogues

arXiv:2507.02950v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) may support counseling training, yet evidence from Japanese-language inte

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Interaction Techniques that Encourage Longer Prompts Can Improve Psychological Ownership when Writing with AI

arXiv:2507.03670v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Writing longer prompts for an AI assistant to generate a story increases psychological ownership, a us

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Context Tuning for In-Context Optimization

arXiv:2507.04221v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce Context Tuning, a simple and effective method to significantly enhance few-shot adaptatio

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Towards Mitigation of Hallucination for LLM-empowered Agents: Progressive Generalization Bound Exploration and Watchdog Monitor

arXiv:2507.15903v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Empowered by large language models (LLMs), intelligent agents have become a popular paradigm for inter

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Web-CogReasoner: Towards Multimodal Knowledge-Induced Cognitive Reasoning for Web Agents

arXiv:2508.01858v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal large-scale models have significantly advanced the development of web agents, enabling perc

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Parity-Aware Byte-Pair Encoding: Improving Cross-lingual Fairness in Tokenization

arXiv:2508.04796v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Tokenization is the first -- and often least scrutinized -- step of most NLP pipelines. Standard algor

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

VISOR: Visual Input-based Steering for Output Redirection in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2508.08521v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications, bringing t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3d ago

Context Misleads LLMs: The Role of Context Filtering in Maintaining Safe Alignment of LLMs

arXiv:2508.10031v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in performance, various jailbre