Supply Chain Forum 2025: Adversary Components in Critical Infrastructure
๐๏ธDr. Emma M. Stewart, Chief Power Grid Scientist, Idaho National Laboratory (INL)
๐ Presented at Supply Chain Cybersecurity Forum 2025
Cybersecurity Threats and Policy Implications for Battery Energy Storage Systems
The integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) across critical infrastructure is a cross-sector resilience issue with direct implications for national security, industrial stability, and public safety. BESS now supports communications towers, hospitals, military installations, data centers, making its security a strategic imperative. As these systems become deeply embedded in critical operations, cyber vulnerabilities in BESS can create cascading disruptions across multiple sectors, threatening infrastructure reliability and operational continuity.
China currently dominates the global BESS supply chain, controlling a significant share of battery manufacturing, power electronics, and critical raw materials. This market concentration creates supply chain dependencies and cybersecurity risks, particularly for U.S. infrastructure reliant on foreign-manufactured components. Traditional โrip and replaceโ strategies have proven economically and technically destabilizing, underscoring the need for a more pragmatic risk management approach.
This session will explore policy responses to supply chain dominance, including targeted risk mitigation strategies, diversification of suppliers, and the adoption of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) principles. A key discussion point will be the need for independent โright to inspectโ policies, ensuring asset owners and regulators can verify the security of foreign-manufactured components.
As BESS becomes a linchpin for industrial and national security, securing these systems requires proactive policies, regulatory enforcement, and industry-wide collaboration. This session provides a strategic roadmap for reducing foreign dependencies and strengthening BESS resilience across critical infrastructure sectors
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