Lecture 19: Affinity and Nonequilibrium Law of Mass Action; Potential Energy Surface
MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/
YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2il
This lecture covers: Potential energy surface. Transitional state and activated complex. Affinity of a reaction. Nonequilibrium law of mass action for ideal and nonideal mixtures and solutions. Affinities vanish at chemical equilibrium. Complete chemical equilibrium.
Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.
Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec19_pdf/
Key moments:
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:27 - Second Law and State Principle for Reacting System
00:01:47 - Hatsopoulos-Keenan Statement of the Second Law
00:06:20 - State Principle and Maximum Entropy Principle
00:09:20 - Review: Enthalpy of Formation and Bond Energies
00:10:45 - Collisions
00:13:19 - Potential Energy Surface and Activated Complex
00:23:32 - Forward and Backward Half-Reactions
00:28:57 - Extension of the Simple System Model: Assumptions
00:42:13 - Fundamental Relation for Chemical Equilibrium
00:46:53 - Necessary Condition for Chemical Equilibrium
00:47:08 - Non-Equilibrium Law of Mass Action
01:01:03 - Law of Mass Action in Terms of Activities
01:02:37 - Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants
01:06:05 - Equilibrium Constants from Properties of Formation
01:16:10 - Dissociation and NOx Formation in Combustion
01:18:21 - Hydrocarbon Oxidation: Det
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Chapters (17)
Introduction
0:27
Second Law and State Principle for Reacting System
1:47
Hatsopoulos-Keenan Statement of the Second Law
6:20
State Principle and Maximum Entropy Principle
9:20
Review: Enthalpy of Formation and Bond Energies
10:45
Collisions
13:19
Potential Energy Surface and Activated Complex
23:32
Forward and Backward Half-Reactions
28:57
Extension of the Simple System Model: Assumptions
42:13
Fundamental Relation for Chemical Equilibrium
46:53
Necessary Condition for Chemical Equilibrium
47:08
Non-Equilibrium Law of Mass Action
1:01:03
Law of Mass Action in Terms of Activities
1:02:37
Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants
1:06:05
Equilibrium Constants from Properties of Formation
1:16:10
Dissociation and NOx Formation in Combustion
1:18:21
Hydrocarbon Oxidation: Det
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