Core AI

Large Language Models

Deep dives into GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama and the transformers powering modern AI

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LLM Foundations

Explain how transformers generate text

Write zero-shot and few-shot prompts

LLM Engineering

Call LLM APIs with function/tool use

Fine-tuning LLMs

Prepare fine-tuning datasets

Multimodal LLMs

Use GPT-4V / Claude Vision for image understanding

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ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

The Chronicles of RiDiC: Generating Datasets with Controlled Popularity Distribution for Long-form Factuality Evaluation

arXiv:2604.00019v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a configurable pipeline for generating multilingual sets of entities with specified characteristics

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

How Do Language Models Process Ethical Instructions? Deliberation, Consistency, and Other-Recognition Across Four Models

arXiv:2604.00021v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Alignment safety research assumes that ethical instructions improve model behavior, but how language models in

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Criterion Validity of LLM-as-Judge for Business Outcomes in Conversational Commerce

arXiv:2604.00022v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-dimensional rubric-based dialogue evaluation is widely used to assess conversational AI, yet its criteri

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

WHBench: Evaluating Frontier LLMs with Expert-in-the-Loop Validation on Women's Health Topics

arXiv:2604.00024v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used for medical guidance, but women's health remains under-evaluated i

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Brevity Constraints Reverse Performance Hierarchies in Language Models

arXiv:2604.00025v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Standard evaluation protocols reveal a counterintuitive phenomenon: on 7.7% of benchmark problems spanning fiv

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

"Who Am I, and Who Else Is Here?" Behavioral Differentiation Without Role Assignment in Multi-Agent LLM Systems

arXiv:2604.00026v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When multiple large language models interact in a shared conversation, do they develop differentiated social r

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

When and Where: A Model Hippocampal Network Unifies Formation of Time Cells and Place Cells

arXiv:2604.00036v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hippocampal place and time cells encode spatial and temporal aspects of experience. Both have the same neural

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Task-Centric Personalized Federated Fine-Tuning of Language Models

arXiv:2604.00050v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique for training language models on distributed and p

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

The Energy Footprint of LLM-Based Environmental Analysis: LLMs and Domain Products

arXiv:2604.00053v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in domain-specific applications, including climate chang

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

GenoBERT: A Language Model for Accurate Genotype Imputation

arXiv:2604.00058v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Genotype imputation enables dense variant coverage for genome-wide association and risk-prediction studies, ye

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Temporal Memory for Resource-Constrained Agents: Continual Learning via Stochastic Compress-Add-Smooth

arXiv:2604.00067v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: An agent that operates sequentially must incorporate new experience without forgetting old experience, under a

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Brain MR Image Synthesis with Multi-contrast Self-attention GAN

arXiv:2604.00070v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate and complete multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential for neuro-oncological assessme

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Learning to Play Blackjack: A Curriculum Learning Perspective

arXiv:2604.00076v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle with efficiency and performance in complex environments. We

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Hierarchical Pre-Training of Vision Encoders with Large Language Models

arXiv:2604.00086v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The field of computer vision has experienced significant advancements through scalable vision encoders and mul

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Oblivion: Self-Adaptive Agentic Memory Control through Decay-Driven Activation

arXiv:2604.00131v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Human memory adapts through selective forgetting: experiences become less accessible over time but can be reac

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Explainable AI for Blind and Low-Vision Users: Navigating Trust, Modality, and Interpretability in the Agentic Era

arXiv:2604.00187v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is critical for ensuring trust and accountability, yet its developme

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

QUEST: A robust attention formulation using query-modulated spherical attention

arXiv:2604.00199v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Transformer model architecture has become one of the most widely used in deep learning and the attention m

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Diversity-Aware Reverse Kullback-Leibler Divergence for Large Language Model Distillation

arXiv:2604.00223v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reverse Kullback-Leibler (RKL) divergence has recently emerged as the preferred objective for large language m

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

MAC-Attention: a Match-Amend-Complete Scheme for Fast and Accurate Attention Computation

arXiv:2604.00235v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-context decoding in LLMs is IO-bound: each token re-reads an ever-growing KV cache. Prior accelerations c

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

REM-CTX: Automated Peer Review via Reinforcement Learning with Auxiliary Context

arXiv:2604.00248v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most automated peer review systems rely on textual manuscript content alone, leaving visual elements such as f

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning from Imperfect Demonstrations with Evolving Rewards

arXiv:2604.00258v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While apprenticeship learning has shown promise for inducing effective pedagogical policies directly from stud

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

LLM Essay Scoring Under Holistic and Analytic Rubrics: Prompt Effects and Bias

arXiv:2604.00259v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for educational assessment, it remains unclear

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Hybrid Energy-Based Models for Physical AI: Provably Stable Identification of Port-Hamiltonian Dynamics

arXiv:2604.00277v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Energy-based models (EBMs) implement inference as gradient descent on a learned Lyapunov function, yielding in

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

The Geometry of Compromise: Unlocking Generative Capabilities via Controllable Modality Alignment

arXiv:2604.00279v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP learn a shared embedding space for images and text, yet their repre

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Asymmetric Actor-Critic for Multi-turn LLM Agents

arXiv:2604.00304v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning and conversational abilities, but ensuring reliable beha

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Robust Multimodal Safety via Conditional Decoding

arXiv:2604.00310v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large-language models (MLLMs) often experience degraded safety alignment when harmful queries explo

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Prompt-Guided Prefiltering for VLM Image Compression

arXiv:2604.00314v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid progress of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has enabled a wide range of applications, such as im

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

RAGShield: Provenance-Verified Defense-in-Depth Against Knowledge Base Poisoning in Government Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems

arXiv:2604.00387v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: RAG systems deployed across federal agencies for citizen-facing services are vulnerable to knowledge base pois

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

EvolveTool-Bench: Evaluating the Quality of LLM-Generated Tool Libraries as Software Artifacts

arXiv:2604.00392v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern LLM agents increasingly create their own tools at runtime -- from Python functions to API clients -- ye

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

G-Drift MIA: Membership Inference via Gradient-Induced Feature Drift in LLMs

arXiv:2604.00419v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-scale corpora, raising growing concerns about privacy

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Polysemanticity or Polysemy? Lexical Identity Confounds Superposition Metrics

arXiv:2604.00443v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: If the same neuron activates for both "lender" and "riverside," standard metrics attribute the overlap to supe

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

First Logit Boosting: Visual Grounding Method to Mitigate Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2604.00455v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various multimodal

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Executing as You Generate: Hiding Execution Latency in LLM Code Generation

arXiv:2604.00491v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current LLM-based coding agents follow a serial execution paradigm: the model first generates the complete cod

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

A Reasoning-Enabled Vision-Language Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Interpretation

arXiv:2604.00493v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chest X-rays (CXRs) are among the most frequently performed imaging examinations worldwide, yet rising imaging

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

MOON3.0: Reasoning-aware Multimodal Representation Learning for E-commerce Product Understanding

arXiv:2604.00513v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rapid growth of e-commerce, exploring general representations rather than task-specific ones has attr

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

MAESIL: Masked Autoencoder for Enhanced Self-supervised Medical Image Learning

arXiv:2604.00514v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training deep learning models for three-dimensional (3D) medical imaging, such as Computed Tomography (CT), is

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Think, Act, Build: An Agentic Framework with Vision Language Models for Zero-Shot 3D Visual Grounding

arXiv:2604.00528v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: 3D Visual Grounding (3D-VG) aims to localize objects in 3D scenes via natural language descriptions. While rec

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Optimsyn: Influence-Guided Rubrics Optimization for Synthetic Data Generation

arXiv:2604.00536v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong downstream performance largely due to abundant supervised fine-tun

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

HabitatAgent: An End-to-End Multi-Agent System for Housing Consultation

arXiv:2604.00556v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Housing selection is a high-stakes and largely irreversible decision problem. We study housing consultation as

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

UniMixer: A Unified Architecture for Scaling Laws in Recommendation Systems

arXiv:2604.00590v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In recent years, the scaling laws of recommendation models have attracted increasing attention, which govern t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Streaming Model Cascades for Semantic SQL

arXiv:2604.00660v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern data warehouses extend SQL with semantic operators that invoke large language models on each qualifying

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Learning to Hint for Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2604.00698v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is widely used for reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards, b

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

To Memorize or to Retrieve: Scaling Laws for RAG-Considerate Pretraining

arXiv:2604.00715v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves language model (LM) performance by providing relevant context at

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Spectral Compact Training: Pre-Training Large Language Models via Permanent Truncated SVD and Stiefel QR Retraction

arXiv:2604.00733v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The memory wall remains the primary bottleneck for training large language models on consumer hardware. We int

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

BioCOMPASS: Integrating Biomarkers into Transformer-Based Immunotherapy Response Prediction

arXiv:2604.00739v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Datasets used in immunotherapy response prediction are typically small in size, as well as diverse in cancer t

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

IWP: Token Pruning as Implicit Weight Pruning in Large Vision Language Models

arXiv:2604.00757v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Vision Language Models show impressive performance across image and video understanding tasks, yet their

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Thinking Wrong in Silence: Backdoor Attacks on Continuous Latent Reasoning

arXiv:2604.00770v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A new generation of language models reasons entirely in continuous hidden states, producing no tokens and leav

ArXiv cs.AI 🧠 Large Language Models 📄 Paper ⚡ AI Lesson 3w ago

Scalable Pretraining of Large Mixture of Experts Language Models on Aurora Super Computer

arXiv:2604.00785v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pretraining Large Language Models (LLMs) from scratch requires massive amount of compute. Aurora super compute