SQL Tutorial: Introduction to Relational Databases in SQL
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Welcome to this course on Introduction to Relational Databases. My name is Timo Grossenbacher, and I work as a data journalist in Switzerland. In this course, you will see why using relational databases has many advantages over using flat files like CSVs or Excel sheets. You'll learn how to create such databases, and bring into force their most prominent features.
Let me tell you a little story first. As a data journalist, I try to uncover corruption, misconduct and other newsworthy stuff with data. A couple of years ago I researched secondary employment of Swiss university professors. It turns out a lot of them have more than one side job besides their university duty, being paid by big companies like banks and insurances. So I discovered more than 1500 external employments and visualized them in an interactive graphic, shown on the left. For this story, I had to compile data from various sources with varying quality. Also, I had to account for certain specialties, for example, that a professor can work for different universities; or that a third-party company can have multiple professors working for them. In order to analyze the data, I needed to make sure its quality was good and stayed good throughout the process. That's why I stored my data in a database, whose quite complex design you can see in the right graphic. All these rectangles were turned into database tables.
But why did I use a database? A database models real-life entities like professors and universities by storing them in tables. Each table only contains data from a single entity type. This reduces redundancy by storing entities only once – for example, there only needs to be one row of data containing the details of a certain company. Lastly, a database can be
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