Built-in Functions - Python 3 Programming Tutorial p.4

Key Takeaways

what's going on everybody and welcome to part 4 of the Python 3 basics tutorial in this tutorial we are making a tic-tac-toe in order with Python in order to learn the Python 3 basics where we left off we've got our you know our our grid that is gonna be our tic-tac-toe sort of game map and now what we want to do is visualize for the user a way for them to to be able to say hey I want to play on such-and-such row in such-and-such column or you know such as such column or such-and-such row and so on so there's a few options that we have from easy to hard that we could do but basically we probably want to have like numbers or letters at the top and then maybe numbers or letters on the side so one a or one one or or or whatever so so the first thing is like what if we just wanted to like print some numbers up at the top how might we how might we get around doing that well one option is super simple we could just simply do like a print statement and say 0 1 2 now it's not gonna be lined just right so let's just run it really quick ok so we probably really just need one space here let's run it again and that appears to be pretty well aligned so if you wanted to move 0 1 2 you know for the actual row name all right so there's be a column name you could specify that column by 0 1 or 2 now what about on the other side like how would we do it over here right because in it's in this print row that we would need the number well there's a variety of things that we could do so one of the ways a basic programmer might do this is with a starting with like some sort of counter so you could say count equals zero and then in print you can continue to just print many things at a time so print row well you could instead prints we could print count comma row so this will print count add a space and then print the row so for example if I just run this now it's you know all zeros and we can see our top thing is messed up so let's add look probably two more spaces there that should do it yeah so now how can we get count to go up well all we need to do is do count and you could say count equals count plus one that's one way you could do it and so we could run that real quick and see okay 0 1 2 on that left-hand side for the each each row the other option is a slightly more condensed plus equals one this does the exact same thing as count equals count plus one okay pretty cool now this is not really the best way to do it in terms of you know being the best Python programmer you could be but it does get the job done that said Python comes with a huge assortment of what are called built-in functions so let's do Python 3 built-in functions and let's just click on that that first one and you can see here there's quite a few built-in functions each one does something special from abs which is just absolute value all the way down to I'm gonna skip important just do zip zip is a way to at least usually what you do a zip is combine a couple of lists we can we I don't we might use zip later but anyways all of these are super useful but these built-in functions most of them are written in Python and so you don't have to know them so like I was saying before built-in functions are like more tools that you can add to your tool set but do you need them no you don't have to learn every single one but once in a while just like I said before you know you might want to come in and look at the built-in function just get reminded at what all is available to you and maybe try to learn a new one once in a while or something and there's really there is a lot here but it doesn't take long to learn what all of these do so anyway one of the built-in ones that we're going to use is enumerate we could click on it we can learn more but basically all it does is it iterates as you iterate over something innumerate returns both the index value and the value of the thing you're iterating over now an index value is the thing in a list so two let's just write it out first I think I'm trying to say which would be better I don't know if I'm gonna write it out or not I think I will and they maybe delete it all that's probably will do so so you can do four count comma row in enumerate game and then let's get rid of this count here and then we'll get rid of this count here so now we're gonna iterate over the rows in game now iterating now what is each row in game remember each row is this little bit this bit in this bit and then you could iterate over the values in the rows as well and I could show that in a moment but first let's go ahead and print this one out as you can see we have the same thing so one thing to take note of is initially your index value starts at zero everything in programming starts at zero not this is Row 1 2 3 this is row 0 Rho 1 Rho 2 so sometimes you'll hear me refer to things as the first if element because it's not the first element it's the first tooth element so or the zeroeth element and so on so sometimes I'll make those distinctions just because it can sometimes get confusing but it really most that time I refer to something I'm referring to its index value so so those are at least that's one of the built-in functions in in Python so just to show you what I meant to sometimes this stuff can be hard to visualize at first I'm sure many of you guys already have it you understand as you iterate over the rows okay cool I've got that well but you also could iterate over the elements in each because this is a list of lists so when we do a for something in that list of lists you've got list 1 and then the list 2 so when you iterate over a list of lists the first thing that you're iterating over is the lid but if you you could take that further and iterate over the items in those lists with just another four so as a quick note if you want to leave something in your code or write something in your code you can do what's called a comment a single line comment is a pound or a hashtag depending on when you were born so so anyways that's how you comment something out a comment is just for people reading your code you to take notes the programming language doesn't care what you put in there it doesn't have to be Python 3 syntax you can put anything in a comment so that's a single line comment if you want to make multi-line comments you can use triple quotes multi-line comments okay that's a multi-line comment so anyways now that we've commented those things out we won't see them anymore so now let's instead say for item in row because remember row being a temporary value right now it's the store of like for example this or this it's all zeros but you could iterate over them and print item and as you can see it's just a bunch of zeros nothing special anyways that's I think that's a good spot for us to stop I am going to now get rid of our comment get rid of this get rid of this and this will now throw an error so I'm gonna get rid of that and let me make sure everything looks correct it does okay so now what I'm gonna do is also at some point we probably should make this like a b c or something like that i think that starts to make a little more sense but you can do whatever you want I just think that's probably less likely to cause problems later but we'll talk about it so anyways I'm gonna leave me here and now moving forward we've at least got a game map so I can run it again we now know a user could say okay I want to play a 0 or B 2 so if we typed in you know it's like if we allow input from the and they say baby - we can all agree that's going to be that spot right there so what we need to start being able to do is use our programming to somehow manipulate that exact spot on the on the game board both so we can do analysis with our programming to decide hey has anybody won can they even move there but also to visualize it for the user after they've made the move so that's going to require indexing and and might as well cover slices at the same time so that's what we're gonna talk about in the next video if you have questions comments concerns whatever feel free to even below join the discord otherwise I will see you guys and girls in the next video