Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)
Andrej Karpathy's keynote on June 17, 2025 at AI Startup School in San Francisco. Slides provided by Andrej: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a0h1mkwfmV2PlekxDN8isMrDA5evc4wW/view?usp=sharing
Chapters:
00:00 - Intro
01:25 - Software evolution: From 1.0 to 3.0
04:40 - Programming in English: Rise of Software 3.0
06:10 - LLMs as utilities, fabs, and operating systems
11:04 - The new LLM OS and historical computing analogies
14:39 - Psychology of LLMs: People spirits and cognitive quirks
18:22 - Designing LLM apps with partial autonomy
23:40 - The importance of human-AI collaboration loops
26:00…
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Chapters (16)
Intro
1:25
Software evolution: From 1.0 to 3.0
4:40
Programming in English: Rise of Software 3.0
6:10
LLMs as utilities, fabs, and operating systems
11:04
The new LLM OS and historical computing analogies
14:39
Psychology of LLMs: People spirits and cognitive quirks
18:22
Designing LLM apps with partial autonomy
23:40
The importance of human-AI collaboration loops
26:00
Lessons from Tesla Autopilot & autonomy sliders
27:52
The Iron Man analogy: Augmentation vs. agents
29:06
Vibe Coding: Everyone is now a programmer
33:39
Building for agents: Future-ready digital infrastructure
38:14
Summary: We’re in the 1960s of LLMs — time to build
0:49
Imo fair to say that software is changing quite fundamentally again. LLMs are
6:06
LLMs have properties of utilities, of fabs, and of operating systems → New LLM
14:39
LLM psychology: LLMs = "people spirits", stochastic simulations of people, whe
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