The Necking

Continental crust in East Africa has thinned to a third of normal thickness over four million years, invisible from the surface. The same pattern operates in markets, medicine, and organizations: separation is prepared by thinning at the center, not by force at the edges. Seismic analysis of the Turkana Rift Zone in East Africa reveals that continental crust at the center of the rift has thinned to approximately 13 kilometers. Normal continental crust is 35 kilometers or more.