SeedPrints: Fingerprints Can Even Tell Which Seed Your Large Language Model Was Trained From

arXiv:2509.26404v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fingerprinting Large Language Models (LLMs)is essential for provenance verification and model attribution. Existing fingerprinting methods are primarily evaluated after fine-tuning, where models have already acquired stable signatures from training data, optimization dynamics, or hyperparameters. However, most of a model's capacity and knowledge are acquired during pretraining rather than downstream fine-tuning, making large-scale pretrai