Rectification Difficulty and Optimal Sample Allocation in LLM-Augmented Surveys

arXiv:2604.17267v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models can generate synthetic survey responses at low cost, but their accuracy varies unpredictably across questions. We study the design problem of allocating a fixed budget of human respondents across estimation tasks when cheap LLM predictions are available for every task. Our framework combines three components. First, building on Prediction-Powered Inference, we characterize a question-specific rectification difficulty that gove