Lifetime-Aware Design for Item-Level Intelligence at the Extreme Edge

arXiv:2509.08193v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present FlexiFlow, a lifetime-aware design framework for item-level intelligence (ILI) where computation is integrated directly into disposable products like food packaging and medical patches. Our framework leverages natively flexible electronics which offer significantly lower costs than silicon but are limited to kHz speeds and several thousands of gates. Our insight is that unlike traditional computing with more uniform deployment