KAPPS: A knowledge-based CPPS Architecture for the Circular Factory

arXiv:2605.22457v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While linear manufacturing relies on homogeneous materials and predefined process sequences, circular manufacturing reintroduces used products with heterogeneous and uncertain conditions. This shift demands manufacturing systems capable of handling variable product states, dynamically reconfigurable processes, and the integration of human and machine knowledge. Conventional manufacturing IT architectures, designed for stable structures and determin