From Agent Loops to Structured Graphs:A Scheduler-Theoretic Framework for LLM Agent Execution

arXiv:2604.11378v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The dominant paradigm for building LLM based agents is the Agent Loop, an iterative cycle where a single language model decides what to do next by reading an ever growing context window. This paradigm has three structural weaknesses: implicit dependencies between steps, unbounded recovery loops, and mutable execution history that complicates debugging. We characterize the Agent Loop as a single ready unit scheduler: at any moment, at most one execu