Extending single-minus amplitudes to gravitons
📰 OpenAI News
Researchers use GPT-5.2 Pro to extend single-minus amplitudes to gravitons, finding non-zero interactions under specific kinematic conditions
Action Steps
- Read the preprint on single-minus graviton tree amplitudes
- Understand the concept of scattering amplitudes and their role in quantum gravity
- Analyze the half-collinear regime and its implications for graviton interactions
Who Needs to Know This
Theoretical physicists and researchers in quantum gravity benefit from this study, as it reveals new mathematical structures and simplifies calculations
Key Insight
💡 Graviton interactions can arise under specific kinematic conditions, challenging standard textbook arguments
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💡 New math result: single-minus graviton amplitudes aren't zero!
Key Takeaways
Researchers use GPT-5.2 Pro to extend single-minus amplitudes to gravitons, finding non-zero interactions under specific kinematic conditions
Full Article
# Extending single-minus amplitudes to gravitons | OpenAI
[Skip to main content](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#main)
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Table of contents
* [Understanding single-minus amplitudes in gravity](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#understanding-single-minus-amplitudes-in-gravity)
* [Methodology and verification](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#methodology-and-verification)
* [What’s next](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#whats-next)
March 4, 2026
[Research](https://openai.com/news/research/)[Publication](https://openai.com/research/index/publication/)
# Extending single-minus amplitudes to gravitons
Researchers used GPT‑5.2 Pro to help find a new mathematical result describing how particles can interact in quantum gravity.
[Read the preprint(opens in a new window)](https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/graviton.pdf)
Loading…
Share
We’ve published a new preprint studying scattering amplitudes in quantum gravity, extending [recent results obtained for gluons](https://openai.com/index/new-result-theoretical-physics/) to the gravitational setting. The work shows that a class of graviton interactions long assumed to vanish can in fact arise under well-defined kinematic conditions. The preprint is available [here(opens in a new window)](https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/graviton.pdf). We welcome feedback from the community.
The paper, “Single-minus graviton tree amplitudes are nonzero,” is authored by Alfredo Guevara (Institute for Advanced Study), Alexandru Lupsasca (Vanderbilt University and OpenAI), David Skinner (University of Cambridge), Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), and Kevin Weil (OpenAI) on behalf of OpenAI.
## Understanding single-minus amplitudes in gravity
Scattering amplitudes are mathematical quantities physicists use to calculate the probability that particles interact in particular ways. Rather than tracking every intermediate step of a collision through many diagrams, amplitudes encode the final observable outcomes in a compact form. Over the past several decades, researchers have found that amplitudes often display unexpected simplicity, revealing hidden mathematical structure not obvious from traditional calculations.
The new preprint studies gravitons, quantum particles associated with gravity in quantum field theory. In particular, the authors analyze a configuration known as a single-minus amplitude, meaning that one particle has negative helicity while the remaining particles have positive helicity. Helicity describes the orientation of a particle’s spin relative to its direction of motion and plays an important role in determining how interactions occur. Standard textbook arguments suggest that these amplitudes should vanish at the simplest level of approximation, called tree level, where only the most direct interaction diagrams are considered and quantum loop effects are ignored.
The preprint shows that this conclusion depends on assuming generic particle motion. When particle momenta satisfy a special alignment known as the half-collinear regime, the usual argument no longer applies. In this regime, the amplitudes do not vanish but instead exist as well-defined mathematical distributions supported on a restricted region of momentum space. The authors derive explicit formulas describing thes
[Skip to main content](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#main)
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Table of contents
* [Understanding single-minus amplitudes in gravity](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#understanding-single-minus-amplitudes-in-gravity)
* [Methodology and verification](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#methodology-and-verification)
* [What’s next](https://openai.com/index/extending-single-minus-amplitudes-to-gravitons#whats-next)
March 4, 2026
[Research](https://openai.com/news/research/)[Publication](https://openai.com/research/index/publication/)
# Extending single-minus amplitudes to gravitons
Researchers used GPT‑5.2 Pro to help find a new mathematical result describing how particles can interact in quantum gravity.
[Read the preprint(opens in a new window)](https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/graviton.pdf)
Loading…
Share
We’ve published a new preprint studying scattering amplitudes in quantum gravity, extending [recent results obtained for gluons](https://openai.com/index/new-result-theoretical-physics/) to the gravitational setting. The work shows that a class of graviton interactions long assumed to vanish can in fact arise under well-defined kinematic conditions. The preprint is available [here(opens in a new window)](https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/graviton.pdf). We welcome feedback from the community.
The paper, “Single-minus graviton tree amplitudes are nonzero,” is authored by Alfredo Guevara (Institute for Advanced Study), Alexandru Lupsasca (Vanderbilt University and OpenAI), David Skinner (University of Cambridge), Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), and Kevin Weil (OpenAI) on behalf of OpenAI.
## Understanding single-minus amplitudes in gravity
Scattering amplitudes are mathematical quantities physicists use to calculate the probability that particles interact in particular ways. Rather than tracking every intermediate step of a collision through many diagrams, amplitudes encode the final observable outcomes in a compact form. Over the past several decades, researchers have found that amplitudes often display unexpected simplicity, revealing hidden mathematical structure not obvious from traditional calculations.
The new preprint studies gravitons, quantum particles associated with gravity in quantum field theory. In particular, the authors analyze a configuration known as a single-minus amplitude, meaning that one particle has negative helicity while the remaining particles have positive helicity. Helicity describes the orientation of a particle’s spin relative to its direction of motion and plays an important role in determining how interactions occur. Standard textbook arguments suggest that these amplitudes should vanish at the simplest level of approximation, called tree level, where only the most direct interaction diagrams are considered and quantum loop effects are ignored.
The preprint shows that this conclusion depends on assuming generic particle motion. When particle momenta satisfy a special alignment known as the half-collinear regime, the usual argument no longer applies. In this regime, the amplitudes do not vanish but instead exist as well-defined mathematical distributions supported on a restricted region of momentum space. The authors derive explicit formulas describing thes
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