Do Machines Fail Like Humans? A Human-Centred Out-of-Distribution Spectrum for Mapping Error Alignment

arXiv:2603.07462v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Determining whether AI systems process information similarly to humans is central to cognitive science and trustworthy AI. While modern AI models can match human accuracy on standard tasks, such parity does not guarantee that their underlying decision-making strategies resemble those of humans. Assessing performance using error alignment metrics to compare how humans and models fail, and how this changes for distorted, or otherwise more challen