Data-Driven Open-Loop Simulation for Digital-Twin Operator Decision Support in Wastewater Treatment

arXiv:2604.20935v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) need digital-twin-style decision support tools that can simulate plant response under prescribed control plans, tolerate irregular and missing sensing, and remain informative over 12-36 h planning horizons. Meeting these requirements with full-scale plant data remains an open engineering-AI challenge. We present CCSS-RS, a controlled continuous-time state-space model that separates historical state inference fr