Biocomputing Explained: DNA Storage vs Brain Organoids

Living systems can be used as physical substrates for information processing, but current implementations are specialized rather than general-purpose. Two distinct directions exist. Molecular approaches use DNA and related chemistry to encode, store, and query data. These systems achieve extreme theoretical density and long-term durability, which positions them for archival storage. Their limitations are economic and operational, particularly synthesis and sequencing costs, as well as latency. A