Adversarial Attacks Leverage Interference Between Features in Superposition

arXiv:2510.11709v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Why do adversarial examples exist, and why do they transfer between models? Existing explanations appeal to high-dimensional geometry, non-robust patterns in the input, and decision boundary structure, but none provides a representation-level mechanism that explains why specific perturbations succeed and why attacks transfer between models. In this paper, we show that adversarial vulnerability can stem from efficient information encoding