A Queueing-Theoretic Framework for Dynamic Attack Surfaces: Data-Integrated Risk Analysis and Adaptive Defense

arXiv:2604.10427v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop a queueing-theoretic framework to model the temporal evolution of cyber-attack surfaces, where the number of active vulnerabilities is represented as the backlog of a queue. Vulnerabilities arrive as they are discovered or created, and leave the system when they are patched or successfully exploited. Building on this model, we study how automation affects attack and defense dynamics by introducing an AI amplification factor that scales