Comparing the Impact of Pedagogy-Informed Custom and General-Purpose GAI Chatbots on Students' Science Problem-Solving Processes and Performance Using Heterogeneous Interaction Network Analysis

arXiv:2604.03022v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Problem solving plays an essential role in science education, and generative AI (GAI) chatbots have emerged as a promising tool for supporting students' science problem solving. However, general-purpose chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT), which often provide direct, ready-made answers, may lead to students' cognitive offloading. Prior research has rarely focused on custom chatbots for facilitating students' science problem solving, nor has it examined how