Positional Encoding in Transformer | Sinusoidal Positional Encoding Explained

Transformers process tokens in parallel — so how do they understand word order? In this video, we explore positional encodings in Transformers, starting with sinusoidal positional encodings and learnable absolute position embeddings. We begin by explaining why Transformers need positional information, and why naive indexing or normalization approaches fail. Then, step by step, we build intuition for sinusoidal positional encodings — including the role of sine and cosine, the meaning of the 10,000 scaling factor, and how different dimensions capture local vs global positional relationships. You’ll also see the connection between sinusoidal encodings and binary representations, and why using continuous sinusoidal waves makes it easier for attention layers to learn positional patterns. We then discuss why cosine is essential, and how it enables a linear relationship between positions, setting the foundation for relative and rotary position embeddings. Finally, we compare fixed sinusoidal embeddings with learnable absolute position embeddings, and analyze how positional information interacts with the self-attention mechanism. This video is Part 1 of a two-part series on positional encoding in Transformers. In Part 2, we’ll dive into relative positional embeddings and Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) in detail. ⏱️ Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:48 Why transformers need positional information 02:08 Naive Approaches to positional encoding 03:24 Sinusoidal Positional encodings explained 06:45 Connection to Binary Encoding 10:29 Why 10000 as default in Positional encodings 14:22 Why cosine in Sinusoidal encodings 17:08 Absolute Learnable Position Embeddings 📖 Resources: Attention is all you need paper - https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 Nice Positional Encoding tutorial from Huggingface - https://huggingface.co/blog/designing-positional-encoding 🔔 Subscribe : https://tinyurl.com/exai-channel-link Email - explainingai.official@gmail.com