Causal Graph Neural Networks for Healthcare

arXiv:2511.02531v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Healthcare artificial intelligence systems often degrade in performance when deployed across institutions, with documented performance drops and perpetuation of discriminatory patterns embedded in data. This brittleness comes, in part, from learning statistical associations rather than causal mechanisms. Causal graph neural networks address this by combining graph-based representations of biomedical data with causal inference to learn inv